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Thursday, November 29, 2012

Former Attorney General Bill Baxley's 'Kiss My A Letter To Ku Klux Klan 'Grand Dragon' Goes Viral

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

Kiss My Ass Kkk Letter
Bill Baxley, who became Alabama's Attorney General in the early 1970s, incurred the wrath of the Ku Klux Klan when he reopened the case of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing that had occurred in 1963. The KKK reatened him in a letter, but Baxley responded by telling the Klan to "kiss my ass"

A succinct letter from a former Attorney General of Alabama to the Ku Klux Klan has gone viral on the Internet this week, impressing readers with its "brevity, forcefulness, and clarity."
Letters of Note, the website that posted this gem on Monday, explains:
In 1970, shortly after being elected Attorney General of Alabama, 29-year-old Bill Baxley reopened the 16th Street Church bombing case -— a racially motivated act of terrorism that resulted in the deaths of four African-American girls in 1963 and a fruitless investigation, and which marked a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement. Baxley's unwavering commitment to the case attracted much hostility, particularly from local Klansmen, and in 1976 he received a threatening letter of protest from white supremacist Edward R. Fields -— founder of the "National States' Rights Party" and "Grand Dragon" of the New Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan —- in which he was accused of reopening the case for tactical reasons.

Baxley's short and sweet response to Fields, written on an official state letterhead, showed that he wasn't about to waffle around:
kiss my ass kkk letter
(Credit: YouTube/ineedsacoke)
"Dear "Dr." Fields," the letter starts, "my response to your letter of February 19, 1976, is -- kiss my ass."
The following year, Robert "Dynamite Bob" Chambliss, a member of the United Klans of America, was found guilty of the murders. He reportedly remained in prison until his death in 1985.
This is not the first time that Baxley's letter has been celebrated in the media.
In 1977, People magazine featured the story of Baxley and his note, describing the man's dedication to finding the culprits behind the bombing.

"Now I could do what I had sworn to do," he reportedly said after being elected attorney general in the early 1970s. "Within two months in office I had set one goal for myself: to solve that bombing case." As a reminder of this vow, he is said to have written the four victims' names on a card he carried in his wallet.

More recently, the History channel ran a documentary segment on Baxley, celebrating his colorblind life and achievements. He was also featured prominently in Spike Lee's 1997 documentary "Four Little Girls."

In 2007, Baxley, who is now an attorney in Birmingham and is still reportedly "fighting the good fight," spoke with Hunter Ford of the Hoover Gazette about his life.

When asked where he got the "gumption" to do what he did as a young man, he replied: “I don’t know that anybody has ever asked me that before. I was aware there was danger out there. But I was young -- you feel invincible -- and I knew I was doing right.”

Wednesday, November 28, 2012

Vanity Fair

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

 
Audrey Hepburn outside her 71st Street apartment in Breakfast at Tiffany's
@[108399325850541:274:Audrey Hepburn] outside her 71st Street apartment in @[215328615157408:274:Breakfast at Tiffany's]. 

See more iconic film stills photographed in their real-life locations: http://vnty.fr/Tt4T2v

ICONIC FILM STILLS PHOTOGRAPHED AT ACTUAL LOCATIONS
http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/11/christopher-moloney-filmography-new-york#slide=1

Bette Davis

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

Dark Victory (1939)
Dark Victory (1939)

Vintage

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

Here is a Georgia State Trooper in riot gear at a KKK protest in a north Georgia city back in the 80s. The Trooper is black. Standing in front of him and touching his shield is a curious little boy dressed in a Klan hood and robe. I have stared at this picture and wondered what must have been going through that Trooper’s mind. Before the Trooper is an innocent child who is being taught to hate him because of the color of his skin. The child doesn’t understand what he is being taught, and at this point he doesn’t seem to care. Like any other child his curiosity takes hold and he wants to explore this new thing that this man is holding probably because he can see his reflection in it and that’s a neat thing and he wants to check it out. In this picture I see innocence mixed with hate, the irony of a black man protecting the right of white people to assemble in protest against him, temperance in the face of ignorance, and hope that racism can be broken because this young boy may remember that a black man smiled at him once and he didn’t seem so bad after all.

From the Jadili Africa page. Thank you Leslie for the link. ~Emine
 
A Georgia State Trooper in riot gear at a KKK protest in a north Georgia city in the 1980s. The Trooper is black. Standing in front of him and touching his shield is a curious little boy dressed in a Klan hood and robe.
 
I have stared at this picture and wondered what must have been going through that Trooper’s mind. An innocent child who is being taught to hate him because of the color of his skin stands before him. The child doesn’t understand what he is being taught, and at this point doesn’t seem to care. Like any other child his curiosity led him to explore this new thing that this man is holding because he can see his reflection in it and that’s a neat thing and he wants to check it out. In this picture is innocence mixed with hate, the irony of a black man protecting the right of white people to assemble in protest against him, temperance in the face of ignorance, and hope that racism can be broken because this young boy may remember that a black man smiled at him once and he didn’t seem so bad after all.

From the Jadili Africa page. Thank you Leslie for the link. ~Emine

Tuesday, November 27, 2012

Vintage

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception


"The Old Alhambra", also known as the Old Printing House, was located on Cornwall Street, Falmouth.  Only the ruins remain today.  John Costello once owned this building and published the Falmouth Post from this location during the mid-1800s.

This is a watercolour painted in 1920 by Miss Lilly Perkins, which she presented to the Georgian Society of Jamaica in 1977 (courtesy of Geoffrey de Sola Pinto).

‎"The Old Alhambra", also known as the Old Printing House, was located on Cornwall Street, Falmouth. Only the ruins remain today. John Costello once owned thi...
s building and published the Falmouth Post from this location during the mid-1800s.

This is a watercolour painted in 1920 by Miss Lilly Perkins, which she presented to the Georgian Society of Jamaica in 1977 (courtesy of Geoffrey de Sola Pinto).

Thursday, November 22, 2012

Plymouth Rock

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

Even though its historical provenance is dubious, Plymouth Rock has had a tumultuous history all its own. After emerging as a colonial symbol of liberty, the stone has been moved from place to place, split it two and whittled away at by souvenir hunters. Still, the Pilgrims' purported landing place endures. As America celebrates Thanksgiving, explore the real history of Plymouth Rock.

Plymouth Rock
mjbs/iStockphoto.com
Two words inevitably cross the lips of first-time visitors to Plymouth Rock: “That’s it?”
Yes, Plymouth Rock never fails to underwhelm, leaving tourists struck by disappointment rather than awe. But don’t blame the rock. America’s most famous piece of granite is simply a victim of outsized expectations. The overhyped legend surrounding the Pilgrims’ supposed landing place conjures visions of the Rock of Gibraltar. The reality, however, is that the country’s birthstone is a mere boulder.
And then there’s the inconvenient truth that no historical evidence exists to confirm Plymouth Rock as the Pilgrims’ steppingstone to the New World. Leaving aside the fact that the Pilgrims first made landfall on the tip of Cape Cod in November 1620 before sailing to safer harbors in Plymouth the following month, William Bradford and his fellow Mayflower passengers made no written references to setting foot on a rock as they disembarked to start their settlement on a new continent.
It wasn’t until 1741—121 years after the arrival of the Mayflower—that a 10-ton boulder in Plymouth Harbor was identified as the precise spot where Pilgrim feet first trod. The claim was made by 94-year-old Thomas Faunce, a church elder who said his father, who arrived in Plymouth in 1623, and several of the original Mayflower passengers assured him the stone was the specific landing spot. When the elderly Faunce heard that a wharf was to be built over the rock, he wanted a final glimpse. He was conveyed by chair 3 miles from his house to the harbor, where he reportedly gave Plymouth Rock a tearful goodbye. Whether Faunce’s assertion was accurate oral history or the figment of a doddering old mind, we don’t know. (And if Faunce indeed was telling a tall tale about the humble chunk of granite, he broke the cardinal rule of American mythology: When you make stuff up, go big—really big.)
What is certain, however, is that diminutive Plymouth Rock quickly grew into a prodigious American icon, and the boulder and the country it symbolizes have led eerily parallel lives over the past 250 years. Much like the United States itself, Plymouth Rock came of age in a burst of patriotic fervor. It was split in two and cemented back together. And while it has been battered by time, it continues to endure.
By the 1770s, just a few years after Faunce made his declaration, Plymouth Rock had already become a tangible monument to freedom. As a revolutionary fever swept through Plymouth in 1774, some of the town’s most zealous patriots sought to enlist Plymouth Rock in the cause. With 20 teams of oxen at the ready, the colonists attempted to move the boulder from the harbor to a liberty pole in front of the town’s meetinghouse. As they tried to load the rock onto a carriage, however, it accidentally broke in two. (Some townsfolk interpreted the rupture as a providential sign that America should sever itself from Great Britain.) The bottom portion of Plymouth Rock was left embedded on the shoreline, while the top half was moved to the town square.
On July 4, 1834, Plymouth Rock was on the move again, this time a few blocks north to the front lawn of the Pilgrim Hall Museum. And once again, the boulder had a rough ride. While passing the courthouse, the rock fell from a cart and broke in two on the ground. The small iron fence encircling Plymouth Rock did little to discourage the stream of souvenir seekers from wielding their hammers and chisels to get a piece of the rock. (Even today, chips off the old block are strewn across the country in places such as the Smithsonian Institution and the Plymouth Church in Brooklyn.)
Back at the harbor, a Victorian-style canopy was constructed in the 1860s to cover the lower portion of Plymouth Rock still embedded in the shoreline. In order to fit inside the new monument, however, the stone was given a trim. Years later, it was discovered that a 400-pound slab that was carved off was being used as a doorstep on a local historic house, and the Plymouth Antiquarian Society donated a piece of it in the 1980s to the hometown Pilgrim Hall Museum, where visitors are actually encouraged to touch this piece of Americana.
Finally, in 1880, at the same time that an America torn asunder by the Civil War was stitching itself back together, the top of Plymouth Rock was returned to the harbor and reunited with its base. The date “1620” was carved on the stone’s surface, replacing painted numerals.
In conjunction with the 300th anniversary of the Pilgrims’ arrival, Plymouth’s Rock current home, which resembles a Roman temple, was constructed. The boulder now rests on a sandy bed 5 feet below street level, encased in an enclosure like a zoo animal. Given all the whittling and the accidents, Plymouth Rock is estimated to be only a third or half of its original size, and only a third of the stone is visible, with the rest buried under the sand. A prominent cement scar is a reminder of the boulder’s tumultuous journeys around town.
While the original Pilgrims may never have come to Plymouth Rock, it certainly draws pilgrims of a different sort today. Upwards of a million people visit it each year. Sure, the stone’s physical stature and sketchy historical provenance can be a letdown, but thanks should also be given that a colossal symbol of America has managed to endure.

65 Years ...

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

 
Few gathered in the auction room paid attention to the fate of Lot 105 - a pretty little study of the Queen by the late Edward Seago but it was hardly the star of the £6 million show.
Most of the assembled collectors and art dealers who had turned up for the Christie’s sale of British Impressionists in June 2010 had come to follow the big-ticket items by Sir Alfred Munnings and others.
With an estimated price of between £4,000 and £6,000, Seago’s piece — a preliminary sketch for a larger portrait of the Queen at the 1953 Birthday Parade — was of passing interest.
The happy couple: Prince Phillip, the Duke of Edinburgh, and Queen Elizabeth on their honeymoon in 1947
The happy couple: Prince Phillip, the Duke of Edinburgh, and Queen Elizabeth on their honeymoon in 1947

Enduring love: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh appear still very much in love at Broadlands earlier this year
Enduring love: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh appear still very much in love at Broadlands earlier this year


But someone was determined to pay whatever it took to acquire a painting smaller than the size of a newspaper page.
It soon went over its upper estimate and kept going up as an anonymous buyer fought off all-comers before the gavel came down just shy of £10,000.
Today, the work hangs at Buckingham Palace alongside Seago’s full portrait of the Queen. For that mystery bidder was none other than the Duke of Edinburgh himself. And he proudly keeps both pieces side-by-side in his study.
The man who designed an enchanting ‘E & P’ diamond and ruby bracelet as a present for the Queen on their fifth wedding anniversary remains the same incurable romantic six decades later.
The big day: Princess Elizabeth and Lt Philip Mountbatten photographed at Buckingham Palace after their wedding ceremony in 1947
The big day: Princess Elizabeth and Lt Philip Mountbatten photographed at Buckingham Palace after their wedding ceremony in 1947

In May of the first year of their marriage, the newlyweds pay a State visit to to France. Princess Elizabeth waves to the crowds as she and Prince Philip attend the Paris opera as a guest of the President of France
Newlyweds: In May of the first year of their marriage, the couple pay a State visit to to France. Princess Elizabeth waves to the crowds as she and Prince Philip attend the Paris opera as a guest of the President of France


This is one of the greatest love stories in the history of the British Monarchy. No Sovereign has been married as long as the Queen — and nor, for that matter, have many other people.
Yesterday, the Queen and the Duke celebrated their 65th — or blue sapphire — wedding anniversary. This is, by anyone’s standards, a very great milestone, which is why the Queen despatches a message of congratulation to all those who reach it (conjuring up the glorious idea of her sending a celebratory message to herself).
 
The Buckingham Palace anniversaries office issues these for several landmarks — 100th birthdays and every birthday over 105; 60th, 65th and 70th wedding anniversaries and every year thereafter — and its figures show that, last year, it sent out just 1,937 messages for blue sapphire anniversaries.
The Queen and the Duke are, thus, members of an increasingly exclusive club.
Delight: Newlywed Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh hold their first child Prince Charles, aged six months, in April 1949
Delight: Newlywed Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh hold their first child Prince Charles, aged six months, in April 1949

1950: When Philip was posted to Malta as a naval officer from 1949 to 1951, the Queen spent several months by his side, staying at the Villa Guardamangia
Time abroad: When Philip was posted to Malta as a naval officer from 1949 to 1951, the Queen spent several months by his side, staying at the Villa Guardamangia pictured here in 1950


Today, they remain as inseparable as they were on that bleak November day in 1947 when bomb-scarred Britain finally had a national event to cheer about. Winston Churchill described their wedding as ‘a splash of colour on the hard road we have to travel’.
Over the years, like every couple since the dawn of time, they have had their tiffs. As the Queen’s former Private Secretary, the late Lord Charteris, once observed, the Duke is the only person who can tell the Queen to ‘shut up’ and vice versa.
On one occasion, the Duke told the Queen that he would ‘put her out’ of the car during an altercation over his driving style (there cannot be many husbands and wives for whom that does not ring a bell).
Here was a traditional marriage in which traditional roles were reversed — the dashing naval man of action suddenly cast in a supporting role behind a shy Princess.
Shoulder to shoulder: Trooping the Colour in 1953, the Queen takes the salute with Prince Philip by her side
Shoulder to shoulder: Trooping the Colour in 1953, the Queen takes the salute with Prince Philip by her side


In private, of course, he could be the dynamic paterfamilias, taking charge, running the royal estates and indulging his flair for innovation and bold ideas. In public, however, his place was always two paces behind.
As a former Private Secretary of the Duke explained to me: ‘In a sense, his life is very simple. It is 100 per cent support for the Queen. The organisation of his life is based entirely on the Queen’s programme. So he will not look at his programme until the Queen’s programme has been decided. Only then does he decide what to do.’
Out on the road, his presence is still as reassuring as ever. However much the Queen may be surrounded by officials and security, she is always happier when the Duke is there, too.
No one has a better idea than he of what might interest or amuse her, just as she will often pick up on something likely to appeal to the Duke. Staff have often heard the Monarch turning to the Duke and remarking: ‘You’d better Google that.’
1955: What no Rolls-Royce? The Duke of Edinburgh mans the controls of a Land Rover as he drives to the European Horse Trials with the Queen as his passenger
Just like every other couple: The Duke of Edinburgh and the Queen, pictured in 1955, have previously argued about his driving

Different interests: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke on their way to the the Royal Box at Ascot in 1957
Different interests: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke on their way to the the Royal Box at Ascot in 1957


In the course of researching my book, Our Queen, I spoke to one family friend who summed up their relationship as follows: ‘There are some people who don’t need many friends. And those two, they’re just a real love story — taking tea together every day, talking about everything. He might take out a letter and read it to her or crack a joke. They just adore each other.’
They have many shared tastes — such as collecting pictures and books on birds — but they have both been happy to let each other enjoy separate pursuits. ‘The secret of a happy marriage is not to have the same interests,’ the Duke explained recently. ‘It’s one thing not to argue about.’
Thus, the Queen would never intrude on, say, the Duke’s love of sailing or gardening, while he would never meddle with her racing operations.
It is safe to say that his enquiring mind has probably envisaged many good horticultural uses for Sandringham’s beautiful walled garden but since that is where the Queen likes to graze her stallions, that is where they will graze.
1960: The annual Royal visit to the Chelsea Flower Show in 1960 - an event the Queen adores and attends every year without fail
Constant companions: The annual Royal visit to the Chelsea Flower Show in 1960 - an event the Queen adores and still attends every year without fail

1963: Ardent racing fans, the Queen and the Duke leave Buckingham Palace to drive to the Epsom Derby in May 1963
To the races: The Queen and the Duke leave Buckingham Palace to drive to the Epsom Derby in May 1963


For his 90th birthday, the Queen gave him one of the last few honorary titles which he does not already possess, Lord High Admiral (he was already Admiral of the Fleet). But some have wondered why she has never given him the title of Prince Consort, the title Queen Victoria created for Prince Albert.
Some say that he did not want it. ‘He resisted the idea of being declared Prince Consort because he did not want it thought he was modelling himself on Prince Albert,’ says one former Private Secretary.
But it has also been suggested that the Queen was not keen on the idea either. For, perhaps the most contented period of the Queen’s life was the four-year period — between marriage and succession — when she was neither Princess Elizabeth nor Queen but a young mother and Royal Navy wife known as the Duchess of Edinburgh. Had the Duke become Prince Consort, the Edinburgh title — and all its happy associations — would simply have fallen into disuse.
With all the boys: Queen Elizabeth II pictured in 1965 with the Duke of Edinburgh, Princess Anne, Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and in the pram is Prince Edward
With all the boys: Queen Elizabeth II pictured in 1965 with the Duke of Edinburgh, Princess Anne, Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and in the pram is Prince Edward

1968: A heartwarming family portrait shows the Royals walking in the grounds of Frogmore on the Windsor Estate
Heartwarming: family portrait in 1968 shows the Royals walking in the grounds of Frogmore on the Windsor Estate - the Queen holding Prince Edward's hand, Princess Anne and Prince Charles to the rear, and Prince Andrew by the Queen's side

1969: A proud moment for the royals couple as they attend Charles's investiture as the Prince of Wales on 1 July in a ceremony at the ancient Caernarvon Castle
Proud parents: A proud moment for the royals couple in 1969 as they attend Charles's investiture as the Prince of Wales on 1 July in a ceremony at the ancient Caernarvon Castle


Together they enjoyed the euphoria of the early years of the reign and endured the storms which followed. Together they suffered the heartache of watching three children go through the misery of divorce.
The Duke has always been an indispensable pillar of support for the Queen but never more so than during the dark years from the ‘annus horribilis’ of 1992 to the death of Diana, Princess of Wales five years later.
Then, as always, the Duke would eagerly shoulder those responsibilities which were not the constitutional domain of the Queen. So, after the Windsor fire of 1992, it was the Duke who took charge of rebuilding the castle, just as, many years earlier, he had steered the conversion of the bombed-out Buckingham Palace chapel into the thriving public space that is the Queen’s Gallery.
1972: The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh mark their 25th silver wedding anniversary with a beautiful family photograph of the Royals on their annual summer holiday in Balmoral
Portrait: The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh mark their 25th silver wedding anniversary with a beautiful family photograph, from left, of Princess Anne, Prince Charles, Prince Edward, Prince Andrew, the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh in 1972

Family walk: Queen and Philip with their children, Prince Andrew, now Duke of York, right, and Prince Edward, now Earl of Wessex), taking a stroll with their pet corgis at Sandringham in May 1973
Family walk: Queen and Philip with their children, Prince Andrew, now Duke of York, right, and Prince Edward, now Earl of Wessex), taking a stroll with their pet corgis at Sandringham in May 1973
State duties first: Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip at House of Lords for State Opening of Parliament in 1978
State duties first: Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip at House of Lords for State Opening of Parliament in 1978


As the Nineties went on, it was the Duke who chaired the internal strategy summits of Royal Family members and their staff, known as the Way Ahead Group. The turning point would be the Golden Jubilee of 2002, since when royal fortunes have continued to remain on a steep, upward trajectory.
That they have is largely down to the unshakeable bond at the core of the modern Monarchy.
The Duke summed it up in 1947 in a letter to his new mother-in-law: ‘Lilibet is the only “thing” in this world which is absolutely real to me.’
Half a century later in 1997, as Tony Blair staged a golden wedding anniversary luncheon for the couple in Whitehall, the Queen turned to the Duke and announced: ‘He is someone who doesn’t take easily to compliments but he has, quite simply, been my strength and stay all these years.’
Fifteen years on from that day, it is clear nothing has changed one bit.
Keeping up with the times: Queen Elizabeth II and Duke of Edinburgh at the Premiere of James Bond's film 'Die another Day' in 2002
Keeping up with the times: Queen Elizabeth II and Duke of Edinburgh at the Premiere of James Bond's film 'Die another Day' in 2002
Sharing a joke: Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip pictured laughing together at Buckingham Palace in 2004
Sharing a joke: Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip pictured laughing together at Buckingham Palace in 2004
On the river: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh during the Diamond Jubilee River Pageant on the River Thames in London earlier this year
And now: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh during the Diamond Jubilee River Pageant on the River Thames in London earlier this year

Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Documentary: Inmate may be involved in 1994 OJ case

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception



A documentary about an inmate on Florida's death row says the convicted killer might have been involved in the murder of O.J. Simpson's ex-wife and her friend.

The Investigation Discovery show, "My Brother the Serial Killer," will air Wednesday.
 
The film is a look at Glen Rogers, who was convicted by a Florida jury in 1997 for killing a woman.
Rogers was also convicted of murder in California and is a suspect in homicides in several other states.
 
Rogers, who is from Hamilton, Ohio, met Nicole Brown Simpson in 1994 when he was living in Southern California, his family says in the documentary.
 
A criminal profiler in the film says he received paintings by Rogers with clues possibly linking him to the 1994 murders of Simpson's ex-wife and her friend, Ronald Goldman.
 
Simpson was accused in those killings but the so-called "trial of the century" in Los Angeles ended with his acquittal in 1995.
 
Simpson never testified at the criminal trial, but memorably demonstrated in court that a glove found near the slaying scene did not fit his hand. He testified at length in a wrongful death trial that led a Los Angeles civil court jury in 1997 to find him liable for damages in the case.
 
Much of the film is narrated by Rogers' brother, Clay Rogers, who used to rob homes with Glen Rogers as a teen but in 1993, called police on his brother after finding a body at the family's Kentucky cabin.
 
Clay Rogers said that in 1994, his brother told him about meeting Nicole Brown Simpson.
"They've got money, they're well off and I'm taking her down," Clay Rogers recalls Glen Rogers saying.
 
Other family members also said Glen Rogers talked about meeting Simpson's ex-wife.
In a statement, Goldman's sister criticized the new documentary.
 
"I am appalled at the level of irresponsibility demonstrated by the network and the producers of this so-called documentary," Kim Goldman said. "This is the first time we are hearing about this story, and considering that their 'main character,' Glen Rogers, confessed to stabbing my brother and Nicole to death, you would think we would be in the loop."
 
Simpson is currently serving a prison sentence in Nevada after being convicted in 2008 of leading five men, including two with guns, in a September 2007 confrontation with two sports memorabilia dealers and a middleman at a Las Vegas casino-hotel.

Monday, November 19, 2012

WW1 Reparations

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception



World War I reparations were the payments and transfers of property and equipment that Germany was forced to make under the Treaty of Versailles (1919) following its defeat during World War I. Article 231 of the Treaty (the 'war guilt' clause) declared Germany and its allies responsible for all 'loss and damage' suffered by the Allies during the war and provided the basis for reparations.
In January 1921, the total sum due was decided by an Inter-Allied Reparations Commission and was set at 269 billion gold marks (the equivalent of around 100,000 tonnes of pure gold). This 100,000 tonnes of gold is equivalent to more than 50% of all the gold ever mined in history (est. 165000 tonnes) which was clearly not within the means of the Germans to pay. Consequently their only way of paying back the debt was in foreign currency, but attempts to purchase foreign currency with devalued paper Marks led to the hyperinflation.

Historical conversions between currencies are based on the nominal gold standards of each currency: one gold mark12790 kg pure gold; one pound sterling ≡ 113 grains pure gold; one U.S. dollar25 810 grains gold at 910 fineness (= 23.22 grains pure gold). ($834 billion in 2012), a sum that many economists at the time deemed to be excessive. The yearly amount paid was reduced in 1924 and in 1929 the total sum to be paid was reduced by over 50%.

Payments ceased when Adolf Hitler's National Socialist German Workers' Party took power in 1933, with about one-eighth of the initial reparations paid. With the reparation payments abolished, Germany was still required to pay the sums owed on bonds that were issued between 1924 and 1930 and sold foreign investors. The final payments were made on 4 October 2010 the twentieth anniversary of German reunification.

Sunday, November 18, 2012

Portraits of true grit in the Dust Bowl

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

When the first dust storms blew through Oklahoma in 1932, few people in the state could foresee the catastrophic devastation that clouds of sands carried aloft by the hallowing winds would bring to the region over the next decade.
Massive dust storms that swept through the Southern Plains caused severe erosion by blowing off millions of tons of topsoil in southeastern Colorado, southwest Kansas and the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas, leaving farmers destitute.
By 1934, it was estimated that 100 million acres of farmland had lost all or most of the rich topsoil to the winds, leaving the fields barren and the farmers destitute.
Desperate times: Harvesters hitchhike on route 64 en route to a wheat harvesting in the Dust-Bowl ravaged state of Oklahoma in 1942
Desperate times: Harvesters hitchhike on route 64 en route to a wheat harvesting in the Dust-Bowl ravaged state of Oklahoma in 1942

Barren land: Oklahoman agriculturists work on way to fix the Great Plains region's catastrophic erosion problem in 1942
Barren land: Oklahoman agriculturists work on way to fix the Great Plains region's catastrophic erosion problem in 1942
Great migration: Millions of American families left their ruined farms as they headed west in search of a new hope
Great migration: Millions of American families left their ruined farms as they headed west in search of a new hope

Devastation: The great clouds of dust that swept through the Southern Plains in the 1930s buried structures and rendered once-fertile soil barren
Devastation: The great clouds of dust that swept through the Southern Plains in the 1930s buried structures and rendered once-fertile soil barren

Gritty: John Barnett, right, and his two sons working on their farm in the Dust Bowl
Gritty: John Barnett, right, and his two sons working on their farm in the Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl got its name after Black Sunday, April 14, 1935, when a tremendous cloud of dust appeared on the horizon. Winds were clocked at 60 miles per hour, blowing shovelfuls of fine sand everywhere.
The day after Black Sunday, an Associated Press reporter used the term ‘Dust Bowl’ for the first time. The decade later came to be known as the Dirty Thirties.
The dust penetrated every nook and cranny, turning many homes unlivable and making it hard to breath. As a result of the dust's relentless assault which blotted out the sun and rendered the once-fertile soil useless, millions of American families were forced to abandon their farms and head west in search of work, food and shelter.
Hardy: Countless farming families, like this Oklahoma clan pictured in 1942, stayed behind in the Dust Bowl, suffering through the very worst of the decade and fighting for ever
Hardy: Countless farming families, like this Oklahoma clan pictured in 1942, stayed behind in the Dust Bowl, suffering through the very worst of the decade and fighting for ever

Unbreakable: Venus Barnett trying to raise vegetables in garden of family farm in the Dust Bowl for a second time after a windstorm blew the first seedlings away
Unbreakable: Venus Barnett trying to raise vegetables in garden of family farm in the Dust Bowl for a second time after a windstorm blew the first seedlings away
Survivors: Dust Bowl farmer John Barnett (left) , his wife Venus (center), and their three children: Delphaline, 17 (top), Lincoln, 11 (right), and Leonard, 9
Survivors: Dust Bowl farmer John Barnett (left) , his wife Venus (center), and their three children: Delphaline, 17 (top), Lincoln, 11 (right), and Leonard, 9
These Dust Bowl refugees, immortalized in John Steinbeck’s seminal novel The Grapes of Wrath, were collectively known as ‘Okies,’ whether or not they actually came from the dust-ravaged state of Oklahoma, Lifereported.
But just as entire families in Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Nebraska and other states abandoned their dust-clogged homes and barren fields, countless other farmers stayed behind, suffering through the very worst of the Dirty Thirties and desperately fighting for every crop.
It wasn’t until 1939 that the drought broke and rains finally came, bringing long-awaited relief to those who went through so much to keep their meager livelihoods and homesteads.
In 1942, photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt traveled to the Dust Bowl region to capture the aftermath of the natural disaster, which resulted in a series of poignant images showing tenacious farmers like John Barnett, of Oklahoma, who refused to give up on their land.

Daily struggles: Farmer's wife Mrs Venus Barnett and son Lincoln in room of their worn farmhouse, Oklahoma, 1942

Daily struggles: Farmer's wife Mrs Venus Barnett and son Lincoln in room of their worn farmhouse, Oklahoma, 1942

Sand-choked wilderness: Sagebush and sand surround John Barnett's house and farm buildings. There is no topsoil left on the 160 acres. He grows rye and fodder in sandy loam
Sand-choked wilderness: Sagebush and sand surround John Barnett's house and farm buildings. There is no topsoil left on the 160 acres. He grows rye and fodder in sandy loam For some, the phrase ?Dust Bowl? conjures a place: the Great Plains, but a Great Plains of abandoned homes, ruined lives, dead and dying crops and sand, sand, sand. For others, the phrase denotes not a region but an era: the mid- to late-1930s in America, when countless farms were lost; dust storms raced across thousands of miles of once-fertile land, so huge and unremitting that they often blotted out the sun; and millions of American men, women and children took to the road, leaving behind everything they knew and everything they?d built, heading west, seeking work, food, shelter, new lives, new hope. These families, i

Meager livelihood: John Barnett feeding livestock on his farm in 1942
Meager livelihood: John Barnett feeding livestock on his farm in 1942

Tough times: Four families, three of them related, with 15 children, from the Dust Bowl in Texas, at impromptu overnight road camp
Tough times: Four families, three of them related, with 15 children, from the Dust Bowl in Texas, at impromptu overnight road camp



Einstein's intelligence due to unusual features in brain

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

A new study suggests that Albert Einstein's extraordinary genius may have been related to a uniquely shaped brain.
Researchers compared Einstein's brain to 85 'normal' human brains to determine, what, if any, unusual features it possessed.
'Although the overall size and asymmetrical shape of Einstein's brain were normal, the prefrontal, somatosensory, primary motor, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices were extraordinary,' said Dean Falk, the Hale G. Smith Professor of Anthropology at Florida State, told Science Daily.
Einstein
Genius: Researchers now believe the unique shape of Einstein's brain may have helped boost his cognitive abilities


'These may have provided the neurological underpinnings for some of his visuospatial and mathematical abilities, for instance.'
 Using 14 recently discovered pictures of the genius' brain, Falks and her colleagues were able to describe Einstein's entire cerebral cortex.
Their study, 'The Cerebral Cortex of Albert Einstein: A Description and Preliminary Analysis of Unpublished Photographs,' will be published Nov. 16 in Brain, a journal on neurology.
 
Einstein
Legend: Researchers used photos taken of Einstein's brain upon his death in 1955 to advance their findings


With permission from his family, Einstein's brain was removed and photographed upon his death in 1955.
It was even sectioned into 240 blocks to make histological slides.
The paper will also outline a 'roadmap' to Einstein's brain made in 1955 by Dr. Thomas Harvey.
Most of those photos, blocks, and slides have been lost from the public eye, and the photographs used by Falk's team are held by the National Museum of Health and Medicine.

Buried treasure!

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

A woman who cleared out her late husband’s chest of drawers was stunned when she found an old coin inside worth £120,000.
The unidentified widow had no idea her husband had the gold piece stashed away among his clothes and didn’t think it was valuable at first.
It was only when an expert inspected it that it was revealed to be a ‘lost’ coin made from gold seized by the British from a Spanish treasure ship in 1702.
The coins value
Worth its weight in gold! The coins value was only realised when an expert revealed it to be a 'lost' coin minted from gold seized by the British from a Spanish treasure ship at the battle of Vigo in 1702


To celebrate the victory over an adversory, the Royal mint had about 20 Queen Anne Vigo five guinea coins made.
The coins, that have the Queen’s bust on one side, would have been very expensive at the time and became a collectable item.
 
Of the 20 that were struck, only 15 are known of and they are in private hands.
It is thought the woman’s late husband inherited the exceptionally rare coin as he showed no interest in coin collecting when he was alive.
The pensioner, from Tunbridge Wells, Kent, is now selling the item at auction.
It has a pre-sale estimate of between £80,000 to £120,000.
Leslie Gillham, of auctioneers Gorringes, said: 'A client of ours asked to bring in some coins that she had found at home.

The series of Vigo coins were made out of 7.5lbs of gold seized from a Spanish galleon.
After the British failed to capture Cadiz in October 1702, the fleet intercepted a Spanish treasure ships coming back from America in Vigo Bay.
Raid: The gold was taken from a Spanish treasure ship coming back from America in Vigo Bay following a failed attempt to take Cadiz
Raid: The gold was taken from a Spanish treasure ship coming back from America in Vigo Bay following a failed attempt to take Cadiz


The British attacked Spanish fleet and captured the gold and silver on board.


Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2233806/Buried-treasure-Widow-discovers-rare-coin-worth-120-000--late-husbands-chest-drawers.html#ixzz2CcOvpLNC

Terror on 10th street


de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception


Just weeks after Jan Bryant Bartell moved in to the huge old mansion at 14 W. 10th St., off Fifth Avenue, in 1957, she felt a “monstrous moving shadow that loomed up behind” her. She turned and saw nothing there, but couldn’t shake the feeling that she was not alone, and maybe never would be, in the already aging house with fretted balustrades and Civil War-era glass in the windows.

The incident took several minutes, and several cigarettes, cups of tea and nips of brandy to shake off. But it wouldn’t be the last in the seven-year stretch of psychological and sometimes physical torment Bartell suffered from what she claimed were the icy hands of the house’s former inhabitants, reaching out from the afterlife to grab her.

Bartell’s story of torment is just one of the documented legends swirling around the abutting numbers 16 and 14 on 10th Street in Greenwich Village. The block, an otherwise picture-book New York byway that’s home to writers and actors, is so dripping with tales of death and hauntings, No.  14 has earned the nickname “The House of Death.”

Residents have reported seeing the ghost of Mark Twain walking about in white suit and hair, along with a spectral cat waving its tail and a woman in a long flowing gown passing through doorways.
But some say there’s a curse that touches people who live there. Bartell died under mysterious circumstances just a few weeks after finishing her manuscript about her experiences in the house. Most notoriously, No.  14 was the site of a grisly murder in 1987 when former criminal defense attorney Joel Steinberg beat a 6-year-old girl to death.

* GHOSTLY NEIGHBORS
No.  14, considered a classic brownstone, was built sometime in the 1850s, right before the Civil War, when the area around Washington Square was booming. It was originally one house, but is now split into 10 different apartments, at least nine of which had names on the buzzers and mailboxes.
Legend has it the house witnessed 22 deaths — not terribly unusual for a century-and-a-half-old home, except some of those spirits never left. The most famous was Twain, who lived there for a year in 1900; a plaque outside the door brags of his tenure there. Though he died in Connecticut, one resident reported seeing a specter resembling the author saying “My name is Clemens, and I has a problem here I gotta settle,” before disappearing.

Not all the ghosts have been like kindly old Sam Clemens, however. Residents have reported sightings as recently as a few years ago, and some of them have been chilling enough to scare people away from the building forever.

Dennis, a musician and photo buff, has lived on the third floor in No.  16 for more than 20 years. He didn’t want to give his last name because he was embarrassed to be sharing ghost stories, but he says he has seen “little clips and visions of women in long gowns going from room to room,” as well experiencing seemingly random flickering of lights.

Does he think he’s seeing the same ghosts from next door, the House of Death?
“Walls don’t stop them from doing anything,” he says.

He recalled one night many years ago when he was photographing a dancer in his living room. He left her alone in the room for a minute, or so he thought. His guest was startled to see a lady in a long flowing gown, followed by a cat, walking into the room. The dancer picked up her stuff and ran out.
She wasn’t the first female visitor who fled his apartment after being spooked. “I have girls
that would never come back,” Dennis says.

The most detailed account of life in the possessed buildings comes from Bartell’s memoir, “Spindrift: Spray from a Psychic Sea,” written in 1974 just before she died.

From the first day Bartell and her husband Fred moved into the top floor that was once the servants’ quarters, she felt the strange chill of the house closing in around her. But, due to a housing shortage at the time, she had little choice but to stick it out.

The strange occurrences started out small: a sound of footsteps following her up the stairs, a brush against the back of her neck even when her hair was tied up, a strange rotting smell that would seemingly come and go like wispy smoke.

Things got darker. Shadows that no light would touch, a mysterious chair their dog would snarl and growl at, as if it contained some invisible enemy. Then a phantom, shriveled grape that appeared in the dead center of a clean dinner plate, even though the couple hadn’t bought grapes in months. She found furniture inexplicably moved from its usual place. The sound of crashing glass chased her around the building.

Most unsettling was the odors that appeared out of nowhere: one fragrant, like ancient perfume, the other a “rotting miasma” that was offensive. Then one day, a vision of a man appeared. Bartell reached out to touch it.

“What was it I touched?” she wrote. “A substance without substance. Chilly, damp. Diaphanous as marsh mist or a cloud of ether. I could feel my fingers freeze at the tips. They were numb, and yet they tingled. In the split second between contact and recoil, the scent came. Fragile and languorous. And sweet; unbearably, cloyingly sweet. ”

Finally, Bartell and her husband decided to fight back. They called in a paranormal expert and a medium to see if they could help. Immediately the medium felt a presence. There was something dead under the floorboards, three things maybe: a young girl with curly hair, blue eyes and a tiny nose, an aborted child and, of course, a small gray cat.

Suddenly, the medium snapped into a trance and was possessed with the spirit of Reenie Mallison, a 19-year-old who said she was born in 1848. She blamed President Lincoln for killing her husband, Henry McDermot, by making him fight in the Civil War. She wailed over her aborted child.
The paranormal expert had heard enough. He told the spirits to vacate the premises immediately because the Bartells were the rightful occupants.

“Go — and leave these people in peace!” he said.

The medium’s voice shot back like an explosion. “Never! I will never leave here!” Bartell recalled her saying. “They will have to go. This is my home. I will never leave!”

After that, the Bartells didn’t feel safe. They moved away shortly after, though Bartell herself could never shake the feeling that the house had poisoned her.

Dennis, who lives a floor down from where Bartell lived, says he believes the accounts in “Spindrift.” The first copy he got was from a girl he met browsing the Strand for books about the occult. A copy of the book fell off the shelf and into her hands. He’s owned the book about 10 times now. For some reason, the copies keep disappearing.

* THE STEINBERG CASE
Fifteen years after Bartell died, a much more shocking, real-life tragedy ocurred at the house next door to her old home.

At No. 14, Joel Steinberg, a well-heeled lawyer, and his girlfriend Hedda Nussbaum, an editor of children’s books at Random House, appeared to be a protypical professional couple. They were well liked on 10th Street, and told friends and neighbors that they had adopted two children, 6-year-old Lisa and toddler Mitchell, 18 months.

But their middle-class facade crumbled in November of 1987, revealing a drug-fueled den of horror and abuse.

After freebasing cocaine, Steinberg beat Lisa, leaving her bruised and broken on the bathroom floor. He went out to meet friends, leaving Nussbaum, too frightened of Steinberg’s wrath to help Lisa in the next room.

Steinberg returned home late that night. He and Nussbaum freebased more cocaine until around 4 a.m. with Lisa still unconscious in the bathroom. It wasn’t until 6:30 a.m. that Nussbaum finally called authorities.

When police arrived, the second-floor apartment was in eerie disarray. Nussbaum answered the door with her face bruised and battered, her lip split open. She wandered the apartment hiding behind doors while the medics attended to Lisa.

Mitchell, soaked in urine and covered with dirt, was tied to a playpen with a length of rope around his waist. Lisa died three days later in the hospital.

Residents of the building had reported Steinberg before, on suspicions of abusing Nussbaum and Lisa. Dennis, next door, remembers seeing Joel in a tender moment; carrying the girl on his shoulders. Steinberg was convicted of first-degree manslaughter and served 16 years in prison. The investigation revealed that he had never legally adopted either child.

* GHOSTS BUSTED?
Since Steinberg’s horrific crime, 10th Street has been relatively placid. “They’ve been kind of quiet lately,” Dennis says of the ghosts.

Philip Ernest Schoenberg, author of “Ghosts of Manhattan,” who also runs the Ghosts of New York tours, says the houses are hardly the most haunted in the city — that distinction might belong to the Merchant’s House Museum.

But the block itself may be more imbued with a spectral history of New York than people think, he says. The spirit of Emma Lazarus, who wrote “The New Colossus,” the poem on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty, has been spotted still lurking around her old house at No.  18. Mystery writer Dashiell Hammett and romantic partner Lilly Hellman, who wrote the play “Little Foxes,” among others, also once lived on the block. Edgar Allan Poe’s last known residence in New York was at No.  17, where a woman rejected his marriage proposal.

“His heart was broken there,” Schoenberg says.
Maybe the ghosts are just being patient?

Jason Weingarten, who used to walk dogs five days a week for a tenant in No.  14, says the inside of the house definitely feels very old, but it doesn’t seem haunted; although he notes author Emily Post also lived next door.

“So maybe,” Weingarten says, “they have proper etiquette.”

The Dust Bowl

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

LEARN FROM HISTORY .... !!!!!!!!

The Northeast is still recovering from the flooding damage of Hurricane Sandy, the second “100-year storm” to blow through the region in two years.

The Dust Bowl
PBS
A dust cloud looms over Boise City, Oklahoma, April 15, 1935.


Last summer, the midsection of the country was wracked by crippling wildfires and drought, an increasingly common weather pattern and one reminiscent of, yes, what happened in the 1930s.
The Dust Bowl may not persuade anyone unconvinced that mankind is contributing to the Earth’s verifiable changes in temperature and climate and the resulting wild weather. But it’s a powerful reminder that mankind can create massive environmental effects and that, once those take hold, mankind looks very small indeed in the face of them.

The ’30 catastrophe, of course, was about the soil, not the atmosphere.  The farmers overworked the land to earn money, especially from wheat. The prairie’s settlers found a rich soil, with moisture retained deep below the surface thanks to the native grasses. (The problem: those grasses were adaptations to the region’s frequent historic droughts.) When wheat was scarce and in demand during World War I, it became the area’s cash crop, and times were good–for a while.

When wheat drew a good price, they planted more wheat. When it was glutted and prices dropped, they planted more wheat to make up for it. The plains became a breadbasket, which is to say, a monoculture of one crop–wheat wheat wheat–which left farmers financially vulnerable to the market and the topsoil vulnerable to the droughts that grasses had protected them from. When the Depression hit, prices plummeted, and years of dryness hit on top of that, decimating crops and exposing soil. In March 1933, in Cimarron County, Okla., it did not rain at all.

 And then things got worse. Windstorms hit, as they had on the plains in the past, but now there was nothing to hold down the parched earth. Clouds of particles 10,000 feet high swept across the plains—”black blizzards,” and brown, red and sandy ones, depending where the wind was blowing from. Dust blew into homes through the merest crack. Newborn babies died.

If we show the same neglect to the limits of nature now as we did then, it is entirely possible that this could happen again.

Read more: http://entertainment.time.com/2012/11/16/tv-weekend-the-dust-bowl/#ixzz2Cc9PKbc9

10 First Ladies and Their Famous Hairdos

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception


10 First Ladies and Their Famous Hairdos
Recent media attention paid to President Obama’s noticeably darker hair hardly compares to coif talk swirling around his wife, Michelle. More than her organic vegetable garden, sculpted arms or her impressive law career, Mrs. Obama’s hair has been the talk of the nation since her husband stepped into the political limelight, which is par for the course. Behind every new president stands a First Lady with a soon-to-be-iconic hairdo.

Louisa Adams
The wife of the sixth U.S. president, John Quincy Adams, had light-brown ringlets that she swept up (save a few face-framing pieces) into lacy bonnets and ornate hair pieces.
 Photo source: Wikimedia


Smckinley
 Ida Saxton McKinley
By the time Mrs. William McKinley entered the White House, she had taken quite ill and would remain so for the duration of her husband’s presidency. Even so, she would still dress to the nines on special occasions, adding adornments like diamonds and egret feathers to her short, graying hair.



Eroosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt
As a young woman, she piled her long locks into one looming bun on top of her head. In later years, as her family increased and her hands-on role as First Lady required more attention, she became known more for fabulous hats and minimalistic hairstyles.


Meisenhower
Mamie Eisenhower
It turns out that the side-bun trend we usually associate with Princess Leia actually has roots in the Eisenhower administration. Well, perhaps that’s a stretch, but Mrs. Eisenhower’s barely there bangs, known as “Mamie bangs,” did start a national trend.


Jkennedy
Jackie Kennedy
As a member of a family that’s as close to American royalty as this democracy will ever get, Mrs. Kennedy defined an entire generation’s style, from her perfectly tailored dress suits to the matching pillbox hats to, of course, her lovely bouffant hairdo.


Bjohnson
Lady Bird Johnson
The wife of Lyndon B. Johnson, who ascended to the presidency after Kennedy’s assassination in 1963, Lady Bird favored the same hairstyle as her First Lady predecessor.


Nreagan
Nancy Reagan
“Nancy Reagan fell down and broke her hair,” Johnny Carson famously quipped during her reign. He was referring to her full, hard-as-a-helmet hairstyle. She clearly never said “no” to hairspray.


Bbush
Barbara Bush
It’s said that the senior Bush’s wife turned gray at a young age due to her baby’s death, but that’s a myth. Even though some saw her hair as too grandmotherly for a First Lady, according to the book Barbara Bush: Matriarch of a Destiny, it actually helped her and her husband stand out while campaigning.


Hclinton
Hillary Clinton
Her hair has gone through many changes throughout her husband’s presidency and into her own political career. When she first came into the public eye in the early 90s, she had a conservative, highly shellacked bob.


Hclinton2
Hillary Clinton, Part Two
As a former Senator and the current Secretary of State, she’s moved toward a short, sassy ‘do with a voluminous side part.


Mobama
Michelle Obama
Sometimes her hair is pulled back into an elegant bun or ponytail; other times it’s a subtle flip that nicely grazes her shoulders. Only time will tell what she does with her hair next.