Montgomery Clift

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"Failure and its accompanying misery is for the artist his most vital source of creative energy."
... ~Montgomery Clift

Marlene Dietrich

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"In America, sex is an obsession, in other parts of the world it's a fact."
... ~Marlene Dietrich

DID YOU KNOW?

Marlene Dietrich was considered for the role of Margo Channing in All About Eve (1950) after Claudette Colbert was forced to pull out of the project with a back injury. However the part went to Bette Davis, who received a Best Actress Oscar nomination for her performance.
 

Germany had a swastika of trees not found for 60 years

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 In a pine forest near Zernikow in Uckermark district, Brandenburg in Northeastern Germany, a patch of larch trees covering 3,600 sqm or 4,300 sq yd. were carefully arranged to look like a swastika.

 

While it is unclear how the patch came to be, it has been suggested it was planted in 1937 by locals to prove their loyalty after a local shop owner was denounced and sent to a concentration camp for listening to the BBC. Another theory is that the Hitler Youth planted it.

For a few weeks each year during autumn and spring, the color of the larch leaves change, causing a contrast with the deep green of the pine forest. The short duration of this color change and scarcity of private airplanes meant that the swastika patch went undiscovered until 1992, and not fully removed until 2000!

3D map raises Egyptian trading town buried for 1,200 years

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A real-life Atlantis sunk off the coast of Egypt nearly 1,200 years ago is brought to the surface with the aid of 3D. The city of Heracleion, where the temple of Cleopatra's inauguration stood, was one of the most important trade centres in the Mediterranean world before it disappeared into today's Bay of Aboukir.
Heracleion was discovered in 2001, and after a decade and more of excavation, researchers have created a map depicting life in the ancient trade hub. 

Real-life Atlantis: the sunken city of Heracleion, brought to life by a research team investigating the site 150ft under sea where it lays, including the main temple of Amun-Gerb, centre-right

For centuries, Heracleion was believed a legend, like the fabled city of Atlantis but 12 years ago, underwater archaeologist Dr Franck Goddio was searching the Egyptian coastline for French warships from the 18th century battle of the Nile and had stumbled upon the treasures of the lost city.

 

After removing layers of sand and mud, divers discovered evidence of extraordinary wealth, painting a picture of life  in Heracleion, believed to have been at the centre of Mediterranean trade more than 1,000 years ago.

Archaeologists have found remains of more than 64 ships, buried in the seabed four miles off the coast of Egypt, the largest number of ancient ships to be found at one site. As well as 700 anchors, the team have dug up gold coins and weights made of bronze and stone used in trade and to calculate taxation rates.

Secrets of the sea: three divers inspect the ancient colossal statue of Hapi, the god of the Nile, at the site of the sunken city of Heracleion

Uncovered: mrine archaeologist Frank Goddio shows a stone slap from Heracleion next to a statue of the Egyptian goddess Isis, found in the sunken city

Ancient: A sphinx from Heracleion has been brought up from its resting place in the Bay of Aboukir

‘The site is incredibly preserved,’ Dr Damian Robinson, director of the Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology at the University of Oxford, told the Telegraph.
‘We are getting a rich picture of things like the trade that was going on there and the nature of the maritime economy in the Egyptian late period. ... 'There were things were coming in from Greece and the Phoenicians.‘

The international research team have also discovered remnants of the legendary temple of Amun-Gereb where Cleopatra was invested with the power to rule Egypt.
The temple was the centre point of Heracleion from which a Venetian web of canals and channels connected other parts of the city together.

Hidden treasure: one of the 16ft statues found in the underwater ruins of Heraclion off the coast of Egypt, depicting an unknown Pharaoh

Historical: a bust found in the mud along the remains of Heraclion which sunk under the Mediterranean sea over 1,000 years ago

Giant 16ft statues have been reassembled on the seabed 150ft below the surface before being brought ashore, as well as hundreds of smaller statues of Egyptian gods. Other finds include stone blocks with both Greek and Ancient Egyptian inscriptions and dozens of sarcophagi believed to have contained mummified animals offered as sacrifices to Amun-Gereb.

The research team, led by Dr Goddio have yet to establish what caused the city to go down, but the main theory is that  unstable sediments on which Heracleion was built collapsed and with a rising sea-levels, may have caused the entire area to drop 12 feet straight into the water.

‘We are just at the beginning of our research,’ Dr Goddio told the Telegraph. ... We will probably have to continue working for the next 200 years.’

We Had Faces Then

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Madonna 80s

Cecil B DeMille, 1930s

Rena Mandel in Vampyr (Carl Theodor Dreyer, 1932)

Sam Cooke, 1963

Mary Pickford and friends

Maria Callas, 1955, in costume as Violetta in La Traviata

Josephine Baker at the Johann Strauss Theatre in Vienna, 1928

June Knight, 1935

Movie cameramen on a rock, 1948, photo by Cornel Lucas

Marlon Brando, 1950s

Julie Christie, 1967

World’s oldest olive tree

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World’s oldest olive tree.

Estimated by the scientists from the University of Crete to be between 3,500 and 4,000 years old, the Olive Tree of Vouves is 15 feet thick at the base. The ancient olive tree is visited by approximately 20,000 people every year. It is located in the village Ano Vouves, Crete and still bears delicious prized Olives.

"In God We Trust"

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A fun historical fact - conservatives believe that because "In God We Trust" is on US money it proves they are a Christian Nation.

Life.com

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Sophia Loren poses for LIFE photographer Loomis Dean. See more stunning photos here: http://ti.me/RzSgCZ

(Loomis Dean—TIME & LIFE Pictures/Getty Images)

Muhammad Ali

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Today in 1967, one of the greatest American boxers of all time refused to serve in the Vietnam War, deciding to trade in his boxing gloves for ministry.  Thirteen WNET New York revisits an interview with Ali conducted after his refusal, in which viewers discovered more about Ali's boxing career, opposition to the Vietnam War and commitment to his faith. http://youtu.be/G3r56hv3jCU

 

 

Mexican Portraits

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Framed portrait: This photograph shows a framed portrait of a woman wearing a lace gown (María Félix, 1945)

Comical: A comedic performer wears combs on his face to give the look of bushy eyebrows and mustache (Melquiades Herrera, 1984)

Special moment: A couple have their photograph taken in front of a mural of the Virgin of Guadalupe (Nacho López, 1950)

Mexican surrealist painter Frida Kahlo, looks sternly at the camera with her arms crossed (Guillermo Kahlo, October 16, 1932)

Auschwitz death camp guard, to face trial as Germany makes desperate bid to jail former S.S. men before they die peacefully of old age

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German prosecutors have started proceedings against a former Auschwitz death camp guard in a last ditch bid to bring 50 former SS men to trial before they die peacefully of old age.

Hans Lipschis, 93, is expected to be the first brought to court after investigations were launched by German officials several weeks ago into the Auschwitz guards who escaped after WW2.  Prosecutors in Stuttgart this week confirmed the criminal probe launched against him.

Lipschis was born in Lithuania in 1919 and was granted 'ethnic German' status in 1943. He is accused of working at Auschwitz-Birkenau as a member of the S.S. from 1941 to 1945 and is suspected of participating in murder and genocide.
Lipschis’ name was added a few weeks ago to a list of wanted Nazi criminals published by Dr Efraim Zuroff, director of the Simon Wiesenthal Centre's office in Israel.

'Work Makes You Free': The 'Arbeit Mact Frei' sign still hangs above Auschwitz concentration camp in a haunting reminder of the atrocities inflicted there - now a museum.

Chilling: Hans Lipschis, born in Lithuania in 1919, was granted 'ethnic German' status in 1943 - his ID Card from Auschwitz

 

Nice life for guards: an accordionist leads a sing-along for SS officers at their retreat at Solahutte outside Auschwitz in 1944. Metres away, Jews were being murdered in their thousands

Over 1.2 million people, mostly Jews, were murdered at Auschwitz in Nazi-occupied Poland during the war.

A German newspaper tracked Lipschis to a retirement home near Stuttgart where he denied the charges, claimed he knew nothing of the horrors at the extermination camp and that he was a 'cook for the entire time I was there.'  Paperwork shows he was a member of the SS–Totenkopf Sturmbann, or Death’s Head Battalion, which guarded the camp. These men also supervised the  offloading of trains that brought the doomed victims from across Europe to Auschwitz. In the past, German prosecutors relied on eyewitness testimony or paperwork to bring murder charges against suspected war criminals but the conviction of Sobibor death camp guard John Demjanjuk in 2011 in Munich set a new precedent in which it was enough  to have served at a site of mass extermination without specific acts being proved.

In 1956 Lipschis fled to the United States and lived in Chicago for 26 years, but was deported to Germany in 1983 after he was identified by the U.S. as a Nazi war criminal.

'The Gate of Death': Auschwitz II-Birkenau's main guard house which prisoners called "The Gate of Death". Over 1.2 million people, mostly Jews, were murdered at Auschwitz in Nazi-occupied Poland during the war

 

Haunting: A handful of haunting photographs taken during the camp's liberation are haunting reminders of the unimaginable horror that the prisoners of Auschwitz faced

Convicted: The conviction of Sobibor death camp guard John Demjanjuk in 2011 set a new precedent where it was enough for people to have served at a site of mass extermination without specific acts being proved

Once the precedent was set in the Demjanjuk case, prosecutors plan to put Lipschis on trial without any specific knowledge of what he did during his term there. 'It is almost certain that he will be the first to be brought to court,' stated the German newspaper Die Welt.

Kurt Schrimm, who heads the German office for investigating Nazi crimes, said the investigations had already led to information about numerous suspects, all of whom reside in Germany and are about 90 years old.

The Chalice Well, Glastonbury, England

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The Chalice Well, Glastonbury, England
Also known as 'The Well of Avalon'.

Archaeological evidence suggests that the well has been in almost constant use for at least two thousand years. Water issues from the spring at a rate of 25,000 gallons per day and has never failed, even during drought. The water is believed to possess healing qualities.

 The Well is often portrayed as a symbol of the female aspect of deity, with the male symbolised by Glastonbury Tor. As such, it is a popular destination for pilgrims in search of the divine feminine, including Pagans. The Well is however popular with all faiths and in 2001 became a World Peace Garden.

Silver Screen Birthday

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Sandy Dennis

The Funeral of Elizabeth I

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On this day in history, 28th April 1603, Elizabeth I’s funeral took place in London .…

Funeral Procession of Elizabeth I

After her death on 24th March 1603, the body of Queen Elizabeth I was placed inside a lead coffin and carried by night in a torchlit barge along the Thames from Richmond Palace to Whitehall. There, the Queen lay in state until her funeral, allowing for King James to arrive in London. While the coffin lay in state, a life size effigy of the Queen, dressed in royal robes, was placed on top to act as a symbol of the monarchy while there was no monarch in England.

On 28th April 1603, Elizabeth’s coffin was taken from Whitehall to Westminster Abbey on a horse hearse drawn hung with black velvet. The coffin was covered in rich purple, topped with the effigy of Elizabeth, holding a sceptre with a crown on her head. Above the coffin, a canopy was  supported by six knights and behind the hearse, the Queen’s Master of the Horse, led her palfrey. The Chief Mourner was the Countess of Northampton who led the party of peers of the realm, all dressed in black. Chronicler John Stow wrote:-

“Westminster was surcharged with multitudes of all sorts of people in their streets, houses, windows, leads and gutters, that came out to see the obsequy, and when they beheld her statue lying upon the coffin, there was such a general sighing, groaning and weeping as the like hath not been seen or known in the memory of man.”

Elizabeth was buried at Westminster Abbey in the vault of her grandfather, Henry VII. She was moved in 1606 to her present resting place, a tomb in the Lady Chapel of Westminster Abbey which she shares with her half-sister Mary I. King James I spent over £11,000 on Elizabeth I’s lavish funeral and also arranged for a white marble monument to be erected. The tomb is inscribed with the words:-

“Consorts both in throne and grave, here we rest two sisters, Elizabeth and Mary, in hope of our resurrection.”

The Tomb and Funeral Effigy of Elizabeth I

An 18th century copy of the funeral effigy carried on Elizabeth I’s coffin at the Westminster Abbey Museum and a photo of the event are found at www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk. Also visit the Westminster Abbey page on Elizabeth I’s tomb at http://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-history/royals/burials/elizabeth-i.

 

This Day in History

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On this day in Tudor history, 28th April ...

1442 - Birth of Edward IV at Rouen, Normandy. Edward was the son of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and was King of England from 1461 to 1470, until he was overthrown by the Earl of Warwick who restored Henry VI, and then from 1471 to his death in 1483.
1489 - Death of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, magnate. He was killed when he confronted protesters at South Kilvington, near Thirsk, and his retainers failed to defend him.
1533 - Death of Nicholas West, Bishop of Ely, diplomat and former Chaplain to Catherine of Aragon, at his manor in Downham. He was buried in Ely Cathedral.
1536 - Reports of council meetings and Thomas Cromwell's meeting with Dr Richard Sampson aroused suspicion. See http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/28-april-1536-something-going-on-at-court/
... 1548 - Death of Sir Anthony Browne, courtier and Keeper of Oatlands Palace, at Byfleet, Surrey.
1556 - Execution of Richard Uvedale at Tyburn for his involvement in Henry Dudley's plot against Mary I.
1558 - Execution of eighty-two year old Walter Mylne, priest and Protestant martyr, for heresy at St Andrews, Scotland.
1572 - Burial of William Paulet, 1st Marquis of Winchester, administrator and nobleman. He was buried at Basing.
1580 - Baptism of William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, courtier and patron of the Arts, at St Mary's Church, Wilton, Wiltshire.
1603 - Elizabeth I's funeral procession in London. She was buried at Westminster Abbey.

See http://www.elizabethfiles.com/28th-april-1603-elizabeth-is-funeral/5865/

 

THIS DAY IN HISTORY: 1758 > President Monroe is born. 1915 > International Congress of Women opens at The Hague. 1916 > Ferruccio Lamborghini is born. 1945 > Benito Mussolini is executed. 1969 > De Gaulle resigns as leader of France. More on this day: http://histv.co/15XRMNg

 

1821 Map of North America

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1821 map of North America

 

 

 

 

Murder, 1852

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Classification: Murder
Characteristics: Black slave - Reportedly, Jane’s owner had mistreated and threatened to sell her without also selling her child
Number of victims: 2
Date of murder: July 18, 1852
Date of arrest: Next day
Date of birth: Unkown
Victim profile: Virginia Winston, 29 (her master's wife) and her nine-month-old daughter
Method of murder: Slashing to death with a hatchet
Location: Richmond, Virginia, USA
Status: Pleaded guilty. Sentenced to death. Executed by hanging on September 10, 1852

 September 10, 1852 - Jane Williams and her husband John, both enslaved Negroes, died side by side for the slaying of their master's wife and child at Richmond, Virginia. The execution drew a crowd of 6,000. The state offered to pay Jane's owner $500 in compensation for depriving him of property through execution!

Real Slavery: Executed for Killing Master's Wife and ChildBy Laura Wilkerson - Salon.com

The tidy, respectable home of the young Winston family of Richmond, Virginia was a place as tense as it was diverse in mid-July of 1852. The occupants of the Winston home that summer numbered eight. The primary occupants were Mr. Joseph P. Winston, 27, the young Master of the house, an “esteemed merchant” of the firm Nance and Wilson, his wife Virginia, 29, and their “interesting little daughter about nine months old.” There had been another interesting Winston a year earlier and to that unfortunate sprite we will return later.

Far secondary in status in the Winston household were the enslaved people living in the house which was situated in a residential neighborhood on “the northern extremity of 7th Street near the City Spring.” Principle of these to our narrative were carpenter John Williams, who was sometimes rented out as a day laborer by his owner along with John’s wife Jane, a housemaid and nurse who is described in the record by one who saw her on the gallows as, “a yellow woman of ordinary size, apparently 35 or 40 years of age, hair nearly strait, and with features indicative of great firmness,” and a “mulatto” meat seller at her trial adds that “she had but one eye.” Jane’s little daughter lived with the pair. Also in the household was Nelly, a cook who was a gift from the Winston Plantation when the young couple married and a young woman of about 23 or 24 years of age named Anna whose services were leased from a lady who found herself with surplus labor on her hands. Nelly’s husband, Joseph Scott, was the property of Richard Archer but he often came and went to and from the Winston residence.

Joseph and Virginia Winston were “both amongst the most amiable and popular of the whole community,” and considered assets to their social set but inside their home tensions had been brewing throughout the summer. Mrs. Winston had been ill and the weekend preceding July 19th found the household, save for Anna, who had run away after being whipped by Mr. Winston, packing for an extended stay up North. Jane Williams was angry at the Winstons who were threatening to sell her apart from her child. Jane had ceased sleeping in the same bed as her husband and instead preferred sleeping with her daughter in the kitchen, sharing a bed “about four feet long.” Her husband, John, “objected to her sleeping with the child,” but Jane persisted in the practice and so John told his wife that, “if she did not stop it, I would cut the bed up, so we could sleep together.” On the night of July 18th, a Sunday, Jane returned to the marital bed.

On the morning of July 19th Jane opened the house and then calmly reported to Nelly, who was working in the kitchen, that, “she believed the white folks were dead – she couldn’t wake ‘em.”

Nelly took Jane at her word and ran screaming through the streets until she came to the home of Anna’s owner, Mrs. Blair. Mrs. Blair and one of the people enslaved to her, Orey Jones, went to the Winston house of Mr. and Mrs. Winston only to discover the couple in bed with their child in a cradle in the same room, “weltering in their blood and butchered in the most horrible means.”

“When discovered, Mrs. W. and her child were in the last struggles and agonies of death, and Mr. W. was writhing with pain of his wounds, insensible from their effects, and was also supposed to be dying. Their heads were literally cut and hacked to pieces. - Mrs. W. had as many as half a dozen deep cuts about her face and head, out of which her brains were oozing – gashes apparently made with an axe or heavy hatchet; and Mr. W. had three severe cuts on the top and back of his head and other injuries, apparently made with the same or a similar instrument. The child appeared to have been killed by dashing its head against a wall, or by having received blows with some heavy instrument, its head and breast exhibiting severe bruising.”

Joseph P. Winston would live although he would remain in a coma for several days and would continue on with a “swimming” in his head. He would remember nothing of the attack. Virginia Winston and her infant daughter would die.

The authorities were immediately notified, as was Mr. Winston’s brother, Bickerton L. Winston. Bickerton entered the room assigned to John and Jane Williams, the one Jane had returned to only the night before. In it he spotted a filthy bucket of standing water. He rolled up his sleeves and fished to the bottom of it and, “dragged up a bunch of hair belonging to a white female. Because of the Offensive nature of the water, I went to the spring and rinsed the hair. Afterward I drained the bucket and found other hair, apparently cut, and an eyebrow or lash.”

On further search a hatchet was found hidden under a pile of scraps in the same room. The hatchet had been washed but traces of blood remained. To be on the safe side, the entire remaining household was arrested and taken to jail.

A coroner’s jury was called that same day. John testified that, “I like Mr. and Mrs. Very well,” but he did, “not know whether my wife was satisfied with Mr. and Mrs. Winston’s treatment or not, though I heard her complain of Mr. Winston and request him to sell her.”

John also admitted that, “Jane told him she intended to kill Mr. & Mrs. Winston, but that he did not believe it any more than he could fly into the sky. He said he did not think any Woman would attempt such a thing, although they might be disposed to talk of it.”

John testified that he first learned of the tragedy when, “my wife waked me, and called me by saying, “I believe everyone in the house is dead.” I ran to the window and haled my wife, but she would not stop.”

Nelly’s husband, Joseph Scott, testified that John ran to the doorway of the Winston’s bedroom, then stopped and uttered, “Lord have mercy.” Scott observed John, “seemed distressed and would not come in.”

Jane denied all knowledge of the crime. She claimed that she had used the hatchet to cut up a joint of meat that she had purchased from, “a yellow man at the New Market,” in order, “to make soup.” She was contradicted in this by Nelly who stated that the Winstons had eaten, “bacon, cabbage and apple dumplings for dinner – no beef or soup.” And by John Williams who claimed that it was he who did the marketing and by Andrew Kinney, a person enslaved to Mr. Shedd the butcher, who testified that he, “did not think there was any other mullatto man selling meat in the market. His stand was at the entrance of the Market on Marshall Street. He did not recall seeing any woman on Sunday morning in the market with only one eye.”

Jane attempted to throw suspicion toward the missing Anna, claiming that, “a gentleman friend of A. threatened to, “knock Winston in the head some of these times” because A. could not come out.” Nelly, who was raised with Anna, seemed to lend some substance to this claim by testifying that, “I have not seen Anna since Friday night. Anna used to see a young man, but afterward became so base that the young men all left her,” but Nelly also swore that, “Jane has said she did not like Mr. and Mrs. W.”

It was then announced that Anna had been found and she was brought before the jury. Anna testified that on Saturday she had stayed with a White woman and, “I slept in Mr. Branch’s factory Sunday night with a white man…Jane say she did not like Mrs. Winston and never would…Jane says she never forgets or forgives anything done to her. – Master Joe threatened to sell her without her child – I heard she was suspected of poisoning the other child of Mr. W. that died.”

John and Jane Williams were remanded to jail to await trial. A few days after the coroner’s jury, Jane, “was visited in her cell by the Rev. Mr. Ryland, pastor of the African Baptist Church, of which Jane Williams was a member, and exhorted her to make peace with God, as she undoubtedly would be hung. Jane replied that she intended to do so and that there was something on her mind which she wished to tell him. The minister listened for a while and then insisted that she repeat her story to her jailor, Mr. Starke, the following day.

Jane told Mr. Starke that she had returned to her husband’s bed in order to establish an alibi. Jane said she left her sleeping husband a little before dawn and she, “procured the broad edged hatchet, entered the house, proceeded to Mr. Winston’s room and commenced her fiendish labors by knocking Mr. Winston senseless. He scarcely struggled. On leaving him she stepped around the bed and commenced cutting into the head of Mrs. Winston. Mrs. W’s struggles were so great that Jane said she inflicted stronger and more frequent blows upon her head than she did on Mr. W’s in order to silence her quickly. She then killed the infant, washed off the blood, and laid it in the cradle. She then washed the blood off the hatchet, hid it, and then gave the alarm. Jane further stated that she considered she had been ill-treated by Mr. and Mrs. Winston, and had been brooding over her bloody revenge for some time. The devil, she stated, had such possession of her that morning, that she believed she could have went further if necessary.”

The anonymous pamphleteer who set forth the details of Jane Williams’ case felt it was necessary to interject the following parenthetical editorial at this point, “It is notorious with all who were acquainted with Mr. Winston and his wife, that John and Jane Williams, and all the negroes of the family of the family of Mr. W., were the most indulged in the city of Richmond. To promote the happiness of John and his wife, he bought him in South Carolina, where he had been sold to traders, and brought him back to Virginia. How the kindness of Mr. W. was returned, the murderous conduct of Jane and John testifies, Inhumanly butchering those who had been kind and forgiving to them, and crushing the skull of their innocent child, so that the Physician said, that when he pressed the head to discover its injuries, he heard the broken pieces of bone grating against each other.”

At her trial Jane pleaded guilty and stated that she had acted alone. She was sentenced to be hanged on Friday, September 12, 1852. At her execution, “The gallows was erected a short distance south east of the Poor House, on the side of the hill near the powder magazine, appropriate to the purpose of a grave yard for blacks.” Jane met with the Reverend Dr. Ryland, who “gave her some practical advice.”

“At 10 o’clock she was taken from jail in an open four-horse wagon, her minister at her side. She was dressed entirely in white, and was guarded by the city Sergeant, Mr. Ferguson, his deputy, Mr. Starke, Constable, and a special detachment of the night police, commanded by Mr. Jenkins. An immense concord of people surrounded the procession. On arriving at the ground, the wagon was halted under the common scaffold erected to hang Jordan Hatcher. – Dr. Ryland then addressed the immense multitude, comprising upwards of six thousand persons of all sexes, colors, and ages, stating that he should then, in accordance with the promises of the gospel, administer the consolation of religion to Jane in her dying moments, although he must say that if she had three lives instead of one, they should all be taken to pay the penalty of her wicked and bloody deeds. He then offered up a fervent prayer to Deity on her behalf. Never before, perhaps, did religious ceremonies of so serious and impressive character, fall upon more unwilling ears. The thick crowding thoughts of the diabolical murder of two innocent, guiltless, beings committed by Jane, with the coolness and deliberation of a fiend, rendered unimpressive, cold, and tedious, those ceremonies.

“Jane continued kneeling some time after the prayer had concluded. Dr. R. then asked Jane whether anyone beside herself was cognizant of, or accessory to, the murder. Her calm reply was, “no one,” – This, while entering the embrace of death, she denied positively that any person aided her in committing the murder.

“The halter was then adjusted to the crossbeam of the gallows, which was about 18 feet high. She tied the hood under her neck, and stepped upon the chair from whence she was to be launched into eternity, without moving a muscle or evincing and trepidation. The word was given, the chair was pulled from under her, and the cart moved off, leaving her hanging in the air at a distance of a few feet off the ground. The fall was about twenty inches. The knot of the noose slipped to the back part of the neck, so that she apparently died of strangulation, though Dr. Haskins, we were informed by Mr. Starke, stated that the fall broke her neck. She kicked convulsively for several minutes at 14 minutes to 11 the drop fell; at 17 minutes after 11, Dr. H. pronounced that she had been dead for some minutes and she was cut down. She was interred in a grave dug near the scaffold under the hill. And thus ended the career of one of the vilest wretches that ever disgraced humanity.”

On the Sunday after Jane’s execution two religious services were held. At the African Baptist Church the Reverend Dr. Ryland instructed the enslaved congregation to remain calm and do no harm to their Masters. He warned them if rumors of unrest persisted they would no longer be allowed to congregate and enjoy the solace of religion. Across town, at the Church the Winston family attended, a memorial service was held for Virginia Winston and her infant daughter. At this service the Reverend Mr. Moore placed the blame on this awful crime at the door of the perceived breakdown of strong, traditional, family values.

Jane’s husband, John, was brought to trial for his life after the execution of his wife. Although Jane denied John’s involvement when she gave her confession, then again at trial, and finally, when she stood on the scaffold facing death, he was found guilty on the basis of the testimony that he had words with Overseers who hired him from the Winstons, and that he was sometimes seen lurking, although not on the day in question. John Williams was hanged October 22, 1852. Although the evidence linking John to the crime seems slight, our anonymous pamphleteer assures us that if we could have been in the courtroom and listened to the testimony and observed the demeanor of the accused there would be no doubt in our minds to his guilt.

The survivor, Joseph Winston, was awarded $500.00 by the Commonwealth of Virginia for his economic loss associated with Jane’s execution and an additional sum of $850.00 for her husband, John.

Historic Things to do in the UK!

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

The Cromwell House Hotel

The Cromwell House Hotel is a comfortable family run hotel only 200 yards from Lulworth Cove. Built 100 years ago in a quiet elevated position overlooking the Cove and Stair Hole it is unspoilt by modern development and enjoys spectacular sea views from many rooms and from the swimming pool. Within easy walking distance are St Oswald’s Bay, Man of War Bay and Durdle Door.

Tel: 01929 400253

Website: lulworthcove.co.uk/The_Cromwell_House_Hotel

Find out more >

 

Swiss Reformation Tour

Swiss Reformation Tour is led by Professor Peter Stephens, until retirement Professor of Church history at Aberdeen University. 15th to 21st September we will visit Geneva, Zurich and Constance, staying in both the Swiss mountains and overlooking Lake Constance with lectures throughout on the John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli and others.

Tel: 020 8530 3029

Website: www.luthertour.com

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FFestinog Travel

FFestiniog Travel are experts in Rail Holidays of the World creating 30 escorted rail tours each year; are specialists in Signature bespoke rail tours for the independent traveller; act as travel consultants for Special Interests Groups. Travel on the world’s famous rail routes, historic railways and stunning scenic train journeys.

Tel: 01766 772030

Website: www.ffestiniogtravel.com/

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Raby Castle

One of the country’s finest medieval castles, Raby has a history reaching back over 700 years. It was formerly the seat of the Nevills and has been home to Lord Barnard’s family since 1626. Raby houses a fabulous art collection and sumptuous interiors and is situated amidst a 200 - acre Deerpark in the beautiful Durham Dales.

Tel: 01833 660202

Website: www.rabycastle.com

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Lincoln Castle

Discover a thousand years of history
Built in in 1068 on the orders of William the Conqueror, Lincoln Castle occupies a magnificent location occupied since Roman times. Used as a court and prison for 900 years, you can explore the coffin like pews in the chapel and experience the magnificent views from the wall walks. The castle is home to the Lincoln Magna Carta, dating back to 1215, as well as the Charter of the Forest. Lincoln Castle is the only place where you can see the two documents together in the world!

Tel: 01522 782040

Website: www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/lincolncastle

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Haddon Hall

The Peak District’s Haddon Hall has welcomed visitors for centuries, its beauty and atmosphere continuing to enchant. Sitting like a jewel in Elizabethan terraced gardens, Haddon has played host to films including three versions of Jane Eyre – fans can relive the romance in a special costume exhibition from 28 July to 2 September.

Tel: 01629 812855

Website: www.haddonhall.co.uk

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Pontefract Castle

Pontefract Castle at its height was regarded as one of the most important castles in the north of England. Edward I described it as the “key to the north”, Richard II died there and Oliver Cromwell took personal charge of its downfall. Why not explore the historic ruins for yourself?

Tel: 01977 723440

Website: www.wakefield.gov.uk/castles

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Tamworth Castle

A visit to the stunning, award winning Tamworth Castle offers a rare opportunity to see how the Saxons, Normans, Tudors and Victorians shaped the history of this breathtakingly complete building. Enjoy living history, live re-enactments, and activities for all the family including evening events and outdoor key date celebrations in the wonderfully landscaped grounds.

Tel: 01827 709626/629

Website: www.tamworthcastle.co.uk

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Sherborne Castle

Come and explore the Digby stately home built by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1594. See magnificent staterooms, a Tudor kitchen, relics from the civil war and archaeological treasures on view in the castle’s cellars. Enjoy delightful walks through one of the fi nest ‘Capability’ Brown landscapes you will see, surrounding the 50-acre lake.

Tel: 01935 812072

Website: www.sherbornecastle.com

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Highcliffe Castle

Highcliffe Castle is a Grade I Listed mansion set in cliff top grounds overlooking Christchurch Bay. Although it no longer possesses it’s original rich interiors, the Castle now houses a Heritage Centre, Gift Shop, Tearooms, exhibitions and events. The Castle is open daily from 1st February to 23rd December from 11am to 5pm.

Tel: 01425 278807

Website: www.highcliffecastle.co.uk

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Guildford Castle

Founded by William I, Guildford Castle was used as a castle and royal palace by medieval Kings. Visit the Great Tower and learn about its history. Then head to the top to see a 360 degree panoramic view of Guildford and walk the ruins in the lovely Castle Grounds. Open daily April to September from 10am to 5pm; weekends in March and October from 11am to 4pm.

Tel: 01483 444751

Website: www.guildford.gov.uk/guildfordcastle

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Sandal Castle

Sandal Castle has spectacular views of the Calder Valley. During the Wars of the Roses the Battle of Wakefield took place within an arrow’s shot of the castle. The remains of the Great Hall, now known as the Sandal Arches, form the most famous image of the Castle.

Tel: 01924 249779

Website: www.wakefield.gov.uk/castles

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Langley Castle

A genuine 14th century castle hotel, with 4 stars and 2 AA Rosette restaurant. Sumptuous rooms with private facilities, some boasting four poster-beds, sauna & window seats set into 7 foot thick walls. The exclusive nature of the Castle, makes Langley the perfect destination to discover Hadrian’s Wall and Northumberland.

Tel: 01434 688888

Website: www.langleycastle.com

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Southsea Castle

Built in 1544, the castle was part of a series of fortifications constructed by Henry VIII along the south coast of England in case of invasion. The innovative design of its walls used ‘angled bastions’ projecting outwards for better all-round defence. The castle’s defences were regularly modernised until it left military service in the 1960s. Today its displays include many cannons.

Tel: 02392 827261

Website: www.southseacastle.co.uk

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Alnwick Castle

Alnwick Castle is one of the largest inhabited castles in England, home to the Percy family for over 700 years. Discover sumptuous State Rooms fi lled with a stunning array of art and furniture, including work by Canaletto, Titian and Van Dyck. Meet the knowledgeable guides and join a tour to fi nd out about the Castle’s fascinating history, architecture and starring fi lm roles.

Tel: 01665 511350

Website: www.alnwickcastle.com

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Arundel Castle

1,000 years of history await visitors to the picturesque Arundel Castle in West Sussex. Visitors can enjoy the 11th century keep, paintings, tapestries, furnishings, stained glass, china and clocks, sculpture and carving, and armour in stunning room settings. Outside, admire the award winning Collector Earl’s Garden. Events include medieval days, have-a-go archery and fencing and jousting.

Tel: 01903 882173

Website: www.arundelcastle.org

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Mid Hants Railway

Let the train take the strain as you travel through 10 miles of beautiful Hampshire countryside to the soothing sounds of the steam engine and the clickety clack of the rails. Stations with period charm and the Georgian town of New Alresford await you at this living history attraction. Family events and dining trains throughout the year.

Tel: 01962 733810

Website: www.watercressline.co.uk

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Llangollen Railway

The seven and a half miles of the Llangollen Railway follows the River Dee through stunning scenery. Restored over 30 years, the line now portrays the life of a typical country branch line of the 1950`s. The line offers service trains for most of the year.

Tel: 01978 860979

Website: www.llangollen-railway.co.uk

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Isle Of Wight Steam Railway

The multi-award-winning IW Steam Railway is a popular and fascinating destination for all age groups. Settle back aboard restored Victorian and Edwardian carriages hauled by vintage locomotives, and enjoy a leisurely 10-mile journey through the island’s unspoiled countryside.There’s also FREE parking, refreshment rooms, gift shop, children’s play area, woodland walk and a museum.

Tel: 01983 882204

Website: www.iwsteamrailway.co.uk

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Isle Of Man Steam Railway

Dating from 1874, the Isle of Man Steam Railway is the island’s oldest Victorian rail system. This narrow gauge railway still runs with its original locomotives and carriages through an ever changing landscape to a choice of destinations in the south of the island. Special events on all three of the island’s railways occur throughout the year.

Tel: 01624 663366

Website: www.iombusandrail.info

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Epping Ongar Railway

Britain’s newest heritage railway is proud to be the closest heritage line to London and the longest heritage line in Essex. With a fantastic range of steam and diesel engines, period stations, countryside and forest, nearby WWII airfield museum, vintage buses serving Epping’s Central Line station, shopping opportunities in Epping & Ongar’s historic High Streets, the railway offers a fantastic family day out.

Tel: 01277 365200

Website: www.eorailway.co.uk

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Ecclesbourne Valley Railway

There is now a great place to visit in Derbyshire! Take a train from Duffield, just north of Derby along the beautiful Ecclesbourne Valley to Wirksworth: an unspoilt and fascinating market town away from the usual tourist traps. Our lovingly-restored diesel railcars give you great views of Derbyshire’s Gentle Valley and there is lots to see and do for all the family!

Tel: 01629 823076

Website: www.e-v-r.com

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Kirklees Light Railway

Climb aboard our little trains for a scenic railway journey from Clayton West to Shelley, in the beautiful South Pennine Foothills. Built on the historic Clayton West branch, the Kirklees Light Railway has developed into a popular destination for young and old. Various special events held throughout the year, runs regularly at weekends, driver experience courses and group discounts catered for.

Tel: 01484 865727

Website: www.kirkleeslightrailway.com

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Romney, Hythe & Dymchurch

85 years of steam railway heritage set against the backdrop of some of Kent’s most picturesque countryside is what makes a journey on the Romney, Hythe & Dymchurch Railway a totally unique experience and is why it is one of Kent’s Top Ten Attractions. We are proud to operate the most complete collection of one third full size steam locomotives in the world.

Tel: 01797 362353

Website: www.rhdr.org.uk

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Railtrail Tours

Take the spectacular line to Kyle of Lochalsh - just one of the many“ Great British Railway Journeys” you can enjoy on a Railtrail quality escorted holiday by train. Discover even more about Great Britain on Rail trail’s “Heritage & Explorer” tours - inclusive of ALL rail travel from your chosen station, ALL excursions and D, B&B at quality hotels.

Tel: 01538 382323

Website: http://www.railtrail.co.uk/

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Pathfinder Tours

Indulge yourself with a four day trip to Scotland (Fri 28th Sept – Mon 1st Oct) with interesting off-train activities. Enjoy the first class seats, fine food and accommodation, the spectacular scenery, plus the visits to places like the Isle of Mull & Tobermory, the Burns Heritage Centre and Loch Lomond. All combine to make this a great relaxing break.

Tel: 01453 835414 / 834477

Website: http://www.pathfindertours.co.uk/

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Mid-Suffolk Light Railway Museum

The Mid-Suffolk Light Railway Museum is the only preserved steam railway in Suffolk and runs trains on selected days of the year. All trains use vintage carriages and run on the museum’s demonstration line. The display rooms tell the story of the MSLR’s history and its life in preservation and the workshops show the latest restoration projects.

Tel: 01449 766899

Website: http://www.mslr.org.uk/

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Colne Valley Railway

Almost a mile long, Colne Valley Railway has relocated station buildings and signal boxes as well as a varied collection of steam and diesel engines and rolling stock. A small museum shows much of our railway history, and there are also miniature and model railways, a shop and buffet. Free parking. See website for open days.

Tel: 01787 461174

Website: www.colnevalleyrailway.co.uk

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Council for British Archaeology

Treat someone you love to a year of archaeology.
Your gift includes:
• Welcome pack
• Six issues of British Archaeology magazine
• Newsletters and updates
• Archaeology events and activities
• Members’ offers and discounts
12 months for the price of nine (HTG12)

Tel: 01904 671417

Website: www.archaeologyUK.org/join

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The Horrible Histories

THE HORRIBLE HISTORIES ANNUAL 2013 is the must-have Christmas present for all Horrible Histories fans. Packed with foul facts, gory games, dreadful jokes and putrid puzzles, plus content from the BAFTA award-winning Horrible Histories TV show - it’s the annual with rat-itude!

Tel: 0845 603 9091

Website: shop.scholastic.co.uk

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Historic Newspapers

Visit the world’s largest private archive of over seven million back issue newspapers. An original date of birth newspaper offers a fascinating insight into the past, creating a strong sense of nostalgia and prompting a fond trip down memory lane. They are sure to be treasured for years to come. All newspapers have been perfectly preserved and come with a personalised certificate of authenticity guaranteeing they are genuine originals.

Tel: 0844 669 9933

Website: www.historic-newspapers.co.uk

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Beamish Museum

Do you know someone who would love to drive a tram or steam engine, learn Victorian cooking or proggy mat making? Our gift vouchers for a wide range of short courses make a unique Christmas gift. Or why not treat a loved one to a year’s entry to Beamish with a voucher for an Unlimited Pass, or membership to Friends of Beamish? Details about all these gifts are available at www.beamish.org.uk.

Tel: 0191 370 4000

Website: www.beamish.org.uk

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Royal Armouries Museum

Royal Armouries is the United Kingdom’s national museum of arms and armour, including artillery, and is recognised as one of the finest collections of its kind in the world. Our Patrons receive VIP invitations to special events and exhibition previews at all three of our museums – Tower of London, Leeds and Fort Nelson. Annual membership (£1,500) also includes the opportunity to fire one of our big guns, plus regular updates, keeping Patrons in touch with the projects they are supporting

Tel: 0113 220 1915

Website: www.royalarmouries.org

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IWM Friends

Membership of IWM Friends is the perfect gift for anyone with an interest in the impact of 20th and 21st century conflict on people’s lives. IWM Friends enjoy a range of privileges including free entry to paying exhibitions at IWM London, and free admission to IWM Duxford, the Churchill War Rooms and HMS Belfast, as well as a special events programme and an annual subscription to Despatches magazine.

Tel: 020 7416 5255/5372

Website: www.iwm.org.uk/friends

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The British Museum

This holiday season give your loved one an enriching experience that will last all year. British Museum members enjoy free, unlimited entry to all special exhibitions, and can learn more about the objects in the museum's collection with a free subscription to the British Museum Magazine. Members can also enjoy exclusive evening events, with opportunities for private viewings of exhibitions, curator-led tours, lectures and performances.

Tel: +44 (0)207 323 8195

Website: www.britishmuseum.org/membership

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Historic Royal Palaces

Membership to Historic Royal Palaces makes the perfect Christmas gift, giving the lucky recipient free and unlimited access to The Tower of London, Hampton Court Palace, The Banqueting House, Kensington Palace and Kew Palace*. Members enjoy a packed calendar of exclusive events at the palaces all year round, plus lots of other exclusive benefits. There has never been a better time to be part of our historic royal family!

*A Kew Gardens ticket must be purchased separately in order to access Kew Palace

Tel: 0844 482 7788

Website: www.hrp.org.uk

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English Heritage

A gift doesn’t have to be just for Christmas. Why not treat someone special this festive season to the gift that lasts all year? English Heritage’s Gift of Membership is the perfect present to treat a loved one, giving them great days out to over 400 amazing properties all year round. Your Gift of Membership comes as a beautifully packaged voucher and booklet, ready for your recipient to redeem when they choose.

Tel: 0870 333 1187

Website: www.english-heritage.org.uk

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Brooklands Museum

Become a part of British Motorsport history by owning a square yard of Brooklands Banking – the race track that was built in 1907 and where it all began. This innovative scheme will give you a certificate, a place on our interactive Banking on Brooklands website along with a dedication of your choosing. An ideal way to commemorate an anniversary or a unique Christmas idea, this is one gift that they definitely won’t have received before!

Tel: 01932 857381 ext 241

Website: www.bankingonbrooklands.org.uk

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Norwich Cathedral

Experience over 900 years of history and learn how the Cathedral survived riot, war, plague and fire. One of the most complete Romanesque buildings in Europe, the Cathedral also boasts the largest monastic cloister in England and houses a renowned collection of over 1,000 medieval roof boss sculptures. New Hostry Visitor Centre and award-winning Refectory Restaurant.

Tel: 01603 218300

Website: www.cathedral.org.uk

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The Coptic Orthodox Cathedral

Here’s a delightful meeting point between ancient and contemporary Coptic culture set in a British context. Bearing the name of the patron saint of England, the United Kingdom’s newest Cathedral also remains true to ancient Egyptian roots in its architecture. The high vaults and domes are harmoniously complemented by a neo-traditional modern style.

Tel: 01438 940970

Website: www.copticcentre.com/

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St Nicholas Cathedral

A 13th-century church with a stunning lantern tower in the heart of medieval Newcastle, filled with an amazing collection of monuments and little known treasures, which tell the story of this region. Enjoy our celebrated collection of stained glass windows and exquisitely carved choir stalls, reredos and choir screen. Join our worship and listen to our choir. Services are held every day.

Website: www.stnicholascathedral.co.uk

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St Albans Cathedral

St Albans Cathedral stands over the place where Alban, Britain’s first martyr, was buried over 1700 years ago. The building's amazing mixture of architectural styles bears witness to the many centuries of its life, first as a monastic abbey, and now as a cathedral. You can visit the shrine of St Alban, see rare medieval wall paintings and walk the longest nave in England.

Tel: 01727 860780

Website: www.stalbanscathedral.org

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St Davids Cathedral

Come and visit this stunning cathedral and the newly restored Shrine of St David. Open: Monday to Saturday 8.30am – 5.00pm & Sunday 1.00pm – 5.00pm •Daily services •Bookshop•Concerts •Guided tours•Refectory & Cloister Gallery•Porth y Twr Exhibition •Treasury•Disabled Access

Tel: 01437 720202

Website: www.stdavidscathedral.org.uk

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Chester Cathedral

Chester Cathedral is full of stories. Founded by St Anselm in 1092 as a Benedictine monastery, it became a Cathedral after the Dissolution. Trace the daily lives of the medieval monks; writing in the Cloisters, meetings in the Chapter House, mealtimes in the Refectory, worshipping at the Shrine and daily services in the elaborate 14th-century Quire stalls.

Tel: 01244 500958

Website: www.chestercathedral.com

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Coventry Cathedral

Designed by Sir Basil Spence and voted the nation's favourite 20th-century building, Coventry Cathedral is now a fascinating and moving mix of the old and new. An icon of hope, the cathedral is recognised internationally as a World Centre for Peace and Reconciliation and a ‘Casket of Jewels’ of 1950’s and 1960’s architecture.

Tel: 024 7652 1210

Website: www.coventrycathedral.org.uk

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Lincoln Cathedral

The vibrant cultural quarter of Lincoln is home to one of the greatest Cathedrals in Europe. This iconic building houses breathtaking architecture, a medieval library, the shrine of St Hugh, the tomb of Katherine Swynford and many more hidden treasures. The Cathedral is open daily and tours can be booked on arrival.

Tel: 01522 561600

Website: www.lincolncathedral.com

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Rochester Cathedral

Fourteen hundred years of history under one big roof! Whether you are coming with young people or older generations, you will find a range of interactive trails and audio tours making it easy for you find out for yourself what makes this ancient Cathedral such a unique and special place. Entry is free!

Website: www.rochestercathedral.org

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Gloucester Cathedral

Gloucester Cathedral warmly welcomes you to one of the finest medieval buildings in the country.See the tomb of Edward II, Robert Curthose’s monument and some of the most important stained glass in the country – including the spectacular Great East Window. The extraordinary fan-vaulted medieval cloisters are famousthroughout the world.

Tel: 01452 528095

Website: www.gloucestercathedral.org.uk

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Wells Cathedral

One of England’s most beautiful cathedrals. A holy place for 2,000 years offering both intimacy and majesty. Enjoy tours with well-trained guides; a tower climb with fabulous views; a medieval chained library; Britain’s oldest chiming medieval clock; a lovely shop; a great little eatery; and one of the best Choral Evensongs to be heard anywhere in Europe.

Tel: 01749 674483

Website: www.wellscathedral.org.uk

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Brecon Cathedral

A site of Christian worship for more than 1,000 years. Brecon Cathedral is now the Mother Church of the Diocese of Swansea & Brecon, seeking to offer a ministry of worship and welcome for all who visit. The former monastic buildings in the Cathedral Close, said to be the finest collection of its kind in Wales, now has a Heritage Centre, shop & restaurant.

Tel: 01874 623857

Website: www.breconcathedral.org.uk

Durham Cathedral

Built in 1093, Durham Cathedral is famous for the shrine of St Cuthbert and the resting place of Bede. Entry to the cathedral is free. Charges apply for the cathedral tower, tours, group visits, some exhibitions and special events. Highlights for 2013 include Jewels of the North; a festival of flowers and design which will fill the cathedral. Restaurant and shop located off cloister.

Tel: 0191 386 4266

Website: www.durhamcathedral.co.uk

Winchester Cathedral

For over a thousand years, people have come to seek inspiration in this magnificent cathedral. Discover glorious architecture, priceless treasures and great works of art. See the 12th-century Winchester Bible, illuminated in gold and lapis lazuli, sculpture by Antony Gormley and Barbara Hepworth, and the grave of England’s much -loved novelist Jane Austen.

Tel: 01962 857200

Website: www.winchester-cathedral.org.uk