de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception
There
are few surviving sources on Caligula's reign, although he is described
as a noble and moderate ruler during the first two years of his rule.
After this, sources focus on his cruelty, extravagance, and sexual
perversity, presenting him as an insane tyrant.
While the reliability of these sources has increasingly been called
into question, it is known that during his brief reign, Caligula worked
to increase the unconstrained personal power of the emperor. One of his
outlandish expeditions was to the English Channel, where he ordered his
troops to collect seashells. He took them back to Rome claiming they
were the spoils of war and that he had conquered the ocean.
He directed much of his attention to ambitious construction projects
and notoriously luxurious dwellings for himself. However, he initiated
the construction of two new aqueducts in Rome: The Aqua Claudia and the
Anio Novus. During his reign, the Empire annexed the Kingdom of
Mauretania and made it into a province. In early 41 AD, Caligula became
the first Roman emperor to be assassinated.
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