TODAY IN HISTORY, SEPTEMBER 21ST

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

A few of the great historical events that happened today in history, September 21st!

454	In Italy, Aetius, the supreme army commander, is murdered in Ravenna by Valentinian III, the emperor of the West.
1327	Edward II of England is murdered by order of his wife.
1520	Suleiman (the Magnificent), son of Selim, becomes Ottoman sultan in Constantinople.
1589	The Duke of Mayenne of France is defeated by Henry IV at the Battle of Arques.
1673	James Needham returns to Virginia after exploring the land to the west, which would become Tennessee.
1745	A Scottish Jacobite army commanded by Lord George Murray routs the Royalist army of General Sir John Cope at Prestonpans.
1863	Union troops defeated at Chickamauga seek refuge in Chattanooga, Tennessee, which is then besieged by Confederate troops.
1897	The New York Sun ran an editorial answering a question from an 8-year-old girl that included the line, “Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus.”
1904	Exiled Nez Perce leader Chief Joseph dies of a “broken heart”. Chief Joseph
1915	Stonehenge is sold by auction for 6,600 pounds sterling ($11,500) to a Mr. Chubb, who buys it as a present for his wife. He presents it to the British nation three years later.
1929	Fighting between China and the Soviet Union breaks out along the Manchurian border.
1931	Britain went off the gold standard.
1936	The German army holds its largest maneuvers since 1914.
1937	The women’s airspeed record is set at 292 mph by American pilot Jacqueline Cochran.
1937	J.R.R. Tolkien’s fantasy novel The Hobbit is published.
1937	“The Hobbit” by J.R.R. Tolkien was published.
1938	A hurricane struck parts of New York and New England, causing widespread damage and claiming more than 600 lives.
1941	The German Army cuts off the Crimean Peninsula from the rest of the Soviet Union.
1942	British forces attack the Japanese in Burma.
1944	U.S. troops of the 7th Army, invading Southern France, cross the Meuse River.
1948	Milton Berle debuted as permanent host of “The Texaco Star Theater” on NBC.
1957	“Perry Mason,” starring Raymond Burr, premiered on CBS.
1964	Malta gained independence from Britain.
1970	“NFL Monday Night Football” debuted on ABC.
1978	Two Soviet cosmonauts set a space endurance record after 96 days in space.
1981	Belize granted full independence from the United Kingdom.
1982	National Football League players began a 57-day strike.
1983	Interior Secretary James G. Watt described a special advisory panel as consisting of “a black … a woman, two Jews and a cripple.” Watt later apologized and resigned.
1989	General Colin Powell is confirmed by the U.S. Senate as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Colin Powell
1991	Armenia granted independence from USSR.
1993	The Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 begins when Russian President Boris Yeltsin suspends parliament and invalidates the existing constitution.
1996	The board of Virginia Military Institute voted to admit women.
1998	President Bill Clinton’s videotaped grand jury testimony in the Monica Lewinsky scandal was publicly broadcast, showing him answering one question from prosecutors by saying, “It depends on what the meaning of ‘is’ is.”
1999	Earthquake in Taiwan kills more than 2,400, injures over 11,305, and causes $300 billion New Taiwan dollars ($10 billion in US dollars).