Child Labor - 1908 to 1916

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception 

1.

Date: June 1910
Location: Seaford, Delaware.
The photo shows Daisy Langford, an 8-year-old who works at Ross’ canneries. She helps at the capping machine, but is not able to “keep up.” So she places caps on the cans at the rate of about 40 per minute working full time. That was her first season at the cannery.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

2.

Date: August 1908
Location: Indianapolis, Indiana
Young workers at the Indianapolis Furniture Factory.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

3.

Date: September 1908
Location: Cincinnati, Ohio
Lawrence J. Hill, 17 years old, had four fingers mashed off by stamping machine in a lamp factory.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

4.

Date: October 1908
Location: West Virginia
Two boys working at Lehr glass works.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

5.

Date: August 1908
Location: Indianapolis, Indiana
Noon time at a cotton mill.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

6.

Date: November 1910
Location: Fayetteville, Tennessee.
Group of spinners at Elk Cotton Mills. According to Lewis, the youngest girl hardly knew her name.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

7.

Date: November 1908
Location: Location: Lincolnton, North Carolina.
A young girl, worked as a spinner in Daniels Mfg. Co.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

8.

Date: May 1911
Location: Tupelo, Mississippi
Inez Johnson (9 years old) and Lily, her cousin (7 years old), both regularly worked as spoolers.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

9.

Date: November 1908
Location: Gastonia, North Carolina.
Workers on their way home from Loray Mill. The smallest boy on the right end, John Moore, 13 years old, had already been working at the mill for 6 years as sweeper, doffer and spinner.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

10.

October 1913
Location: San Antonio, Texas.
Three brothers: Boyce (10 years old), Lawrence (7 years old), and the unidentified youngest brother (5 years old), worked as newsboys to support themselves, because their father was sick.
All three would start work at 6:00 A.M. and would sell papers until about 9:00 or 10:00 P.M

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

11.

Date: May 1910
Location: St. Louis, Missouri
Newsboys taking a smoke break.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

12.

Date: August 1908
Location: Indianapolis, Indiana
13 Indianapolis Newsboys waiting for the Base Ball edition, in a Newspaper office.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

13.

Date: July 1908
Location: St. Louis, Missouri
Francis Lance, 5 years old, selling papers on Grand Avenue.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

14.

Date: August 1916
Location: Warren County—Albaton, Kentucky
Amos (6 years old) and Horace (4 years old), worked every day from “sun-up to sun-down,” worming and suckering tobacco plants on their father’s farm.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

15.

Location: Comanche County, Oklahoma
Date: October 1916
Jewel (6 years old) and Harold Walker (5 years old), both picked between 20 to 25 pounds of cotton a day.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

16.

Date: October 1913
Location: Houston [vicinity], Texas
Millie, a 4-year-old cotton picker, on farm near Houston. She picked about eight pounds of cotton a day.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

17.

Date: February 1913
Location: Bluffton, South Carolina
Rosie (7 years old) was a regular oyster shucker. It was her second year working a the Varn & Platt Canning Co.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

18.

Date: January 1911
Location: Pittston, Pennsylvania
Breaker boys (their job was to separate impurities from coal by hand) at the Hughestown Borough Pennsylvania Coal Company.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

19.

Date: January 1911
Location: Pittston, Pennsylvania
Breakers boys at work at the Pennsylvania Coal Co. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stood over the boys, prodding or kicking them into obedience.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

20.

Date: June 1911
Location: Richmond, Virginia
Two Newsboys’ Richard Green (with hat), 5 years old, and Richmond, who was “8”.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

21.

Date: March 1911
Location: Dunbar, Louisiana
Rosy, an 8-year-old oyster shucker, worked all day from about 3:00 A.M. to about 5 P.M. at the Dunbar Cannery.
According to Lewis, the baby in photo would learn to shuck as soon as she could handle the knife.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

22.

Date: March 1911
Location: Bay St. Louis, Mississippi
Maud Daly (5 years old) and her sister, Grade Daly (3 years old), each picked about one pot of shrimp a day for the Peerless Oyster Co.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

23.

Date: November 1910
Location: Pell City, Alabama
Doffers at the Pell City Cotton Mill.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

24.

Date: November 1910
Location: Birmingham, Alabama.
Donnie Cole worked as a doffer (someone who clears full bobbins, pirns or spindles from a spinning frame). When asked Lewis asked his age, he hesitated, then said, “I’m 12.”

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

25.

Date: April 1913
Location: Columbus, Georgia
Phoenix Mill was a “dinner-toters,” delivering up to 10 meals a day to workers.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

26.

Date: January 1909
Location: Augusta, Georgia
A little spinner at the Globe Cotton Mill. Augusta, Ga. The overseer admitted that she was regularly employed.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

27.

Date: December 1908
Location: Loudon, Tennessee
Like many young workers, this little girl was so small she has to stand on a box to reach the machine.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

28.

Date: February 1911
Location: Port Royal, South Carolina
Josie (6 years old), Bertha (6 years old), Sophie (10 years old), were all shuckers at the Maggioni Canning Co.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

29.

Date: January 1909
Location: Tampa, Florida
Young boys working as cigar makers at the Englahardt & Co.,

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

30.

Date: July 1909
Location: Baltimore, Maryland.
Young workers stringing beans in the J. S. Farrand Packing Co. Those too small to work are held on laps of workers.

Image by Library of Congress / National Child Labor Committee Collection

The Denouement od Jayne Mansfield

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

Jayne Mansfield
1933 - 1967
"If you're going to do something wrong, do it big, because the punishment is the same either way."

Publicity whores don’t get better than Jayne. She was the top. She would hold a press conference for any piddling thought. She was born Vera Jane Palmer in Bryn Mawr, Pa, in 1933. She went on to become a Ma girl. Marilyn, Mamie (Van Whoran) and Mansfield. They were practically cut from the same cloth. They all created something very individual.

 

Jayne lived at 10100 Sunset Boulevard, in Beverly Hills. A house built for Rudy Vallee. Jayne and her then husband Mickey Hargitay had it painted pink, because Jayne was obsessed with pink. It had a heart shaped swimming pool, with "I love you Jaynie" in mosaic on the floor of it. The old front gates still boast her initials. Since 1976, Englebert Humperdinck has lived there. He claims to see Jayne’s ghost in the house.

Sadly, early in November 2002, the famous house on Sunset was demolished. Engelbert finally sold, and some jerk tore it down.  Luckily, before it was completely gone, on a rainy weekend a group determined to go on a creepy crawl in Beverly Hills.  Here are the results.  

Two years ago, an opportunity to see the inside of the house occurred and it was documented in photographs. 

Here is Jayne's Christmas Card circa 1963 - while she was pregnant with Mariska

At the end of her life, Jayne had already divorced Mickey Hargitay, with whom she had three children, Mickey Jr, Zoltan and Mariska. Her career had hit the skids, and she was performing in night-clubs, and getting to and from gigs by car.

On the evening of June 28^th, 1967, Jayne had a show in Biloxi Mississippi, in a club called the Gus Stevens Supper Club - this was the advertisement for Jaynes show. She was performing twice a night, at 9 and 11pm. Here is a recap of Jayne's last show. 

After her gig, Jayne packed her suitcase.  A pink Samsonite. 

 
She and her companion and attorney Sam Brody, and the three little Hargitays left in the 1966 Buick Electra, owned by Gus Stevens and driven by Ronnie Harrison. The group was headed to New Orleans, for Jayne's television show the next day, to plug the act! It must have been very late when they got on their way.  The interview would take place in the WDSU-TV studios.  When in New Orleans, Jayne had reservations at the Roosevelt Hotel, now the Fairmont.

On their route, they passed a waterway, the Rigolets, then proceeded to travel down a "winding, narrow stretch of the two-lane route known as the Old Spanish Trail, US90." about 2:25am they passed over this bridge, then through this curve in the road. What’s that? An insecticide truck? Blam. There they go. The collision killed Brody, Ronnie and Jaynie. 

The car plowed underneath the truck which was spraying chemicals, making conditions very foggy. The impact sheared the top of the car off. The car was described once as, "crumpled like a piece of tinfoil after a cookout." The kids made it out because they were asleep in the back. The top of Jayne’s head was ripped off. This was not decapitation. The death certificate reads "crushed skull with avulsion of cranium and brain." The dictionary definition of avulsion is the forcible tearing away of a body part by trauma or surgery. She was wearing a wig, the hair picture usually seen was not her head. People have claimed to have seen Jayne’s decapitated head in a photograph, but not a single one has been able to produce the goods. Here are the dead Jayne photographs. Click at own risk ...
At least one dog died. Supposedly there were four Chihuahuas in the car. It all sounds like a nightmare. This crash scene picture of her deceased pet and her wig are not for the squeamish, but if you want to see it, click here.
 This pic of the accident scene  is black and white.
  The children were taken to Charity Hospital in New Orleans, and later transferred to the Ochsner Foundation hospital, at the request of their father, Mickey. Mickey Jr. had cuts, bruises and a broken arm. Zoltan and Marie had cuts and bruises. The driver of the bug truck hopped out and flagged down a passing motorist who took the children to aNew Orleans hospital, but left the others for the body bags. Jayne was 34 years old. Brody was 40.

On the death certificate. "Closed fractures of right humerus" is a very common injury in car accidents, it occurs when a person puts their hand out to stop them from flying forward in the car. Ronnie's death certificate would likely say he had a broken right ankle. Most drivers in car accidents have them from the impact of slamming the brakes and the car stopping on impact.

These car shots This is the car, were  shortly after the accident, and here's another shot. Gruesome, and yet fascinating.  They were supposedly taken by tourists, a day or so after the accident.

There was a memorial service for Jayne held in Beverly Hills, and her body was shipped back to Penn Argyl (pronounced Ar-Jull) Pennsylvania, to be buried. Her casket was covered in pink roses, as Mickey Hargitay sobbed.
This is a scan of an original newspaper clipping of when Jayne's casket was shipped back to PA for the funeral. 
 
Jayne’s fan club had a cenotaph (memorial tablet) erected in the Hollywood Forever Cemetery, in Hollywood California. I’m sure Jayne would have approved.

Read on if necessary .... 

From the White House to their beachside mansion, inside the places John F Kennedy and Jackie O once called home

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

John F Kennedy and Jackie O captured America's heart as the youngest and most charismatic First Couple in history.
The two - who came from wealthy families - were both beautiful and charming in equal measures.

When they first met at a dinner party hosted by a mutual friend, Jackie, born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier, was just a year out of college and was already engaged to a local stockbroker named John Husted.

Her engagement to Husted lasted just three months and, once the two had parted, Jackie began dating Kennedy. John, who was known as Jack, and Jackie confirmed their own engagement just months later.
After marrying on September 12, 1953, Jack and Jackie moved in to their first home together  - a brick townhouse in Georgetown that they rented for a year.

Domestic bliss: The couple look happy and in-love in a 1954 photo taken inside their first Georgetown home

First home: John F Kennedy and Jackie O rented this brick townhouse, which they nicknamed the Red House, in Georgetown from 1953-1954

They later flitted from one townhouse to another in the area, one of which was a brownstone house at 3321 Dent Place, which they affectionately nicknamed 'The Red House'.

They only lived there for five months, however, until a spinal procedure intended to cure the then-senator's wartime back injury forced him to briefly move back to his home state of Massachusetts.

Home sweet home: The newlyweds (pictured in 1954) lived here - which they nicknamed 'the Red House' - for just five months, until a spinal operation forced JFK to move back to his home state of Massachusetts

Bad memories: In 1954, Kennedy purchased Hickory Hill (pictured), a large estate in McLean, Virginia. But after the stillborn birth of Jackie's daughter in 1956, she apparently refused to return to the property

In 1954, Kennedy purchased Hickory Hill, a large white brick estate in McLean, Virginia, dating back to 1870.
The house boasted 12 bedrooms and 10.5 bathrooms, and sat on almost six acres of land.
A year later, though, he sold the property to his brother Robert, who became Attorney General of the United States while living there with his wife Ethel and their children.
According to the Huffington Post, the stillborn birth of their daughter in 1956 made Jackie not want to return to the property.

Historic: They moved back to Georgetown in 1957, where they purchased a grey row house at 2808 P Street. Here, Kennedy developed much of his presidential campaign and released his book, Profiles in Courage

After leaving Hickory Hill, they moved back to Georgetown in 1957, where they purchased a grey row house at 2808 P Street.
At this address, Kennedy developed much of his presidential campaign and released his book, Profiles in Courage.
From 1957 to 1961, during the height of his presidential campaign, the couple lived in a different house in Georgetown, located at 3307 N Street.

Lead-up to his election: From 1957 to 1961, during the height of his presidential campaign, the couple lived in a federal mansion in Georgetown, located at 3307 N Street

This home was a three-story Federal mansion, with red brick with black shutters.
Though they moved often during their marriage, one home-away-from home was a constant for the Kennedy couple.
In 1929, when Kennedy was young, his parents purchased what came to be known as the Kennedy Compound - a sprawling house in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts.
Many happy vacations, both as a couple and once they had children, were taken at their beloved beach house in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, before taking up residence in the White House in 1961.
  

See more Kennedy Family photos

Home away from home: The political couple (pictured in 1953 after announcing their engagement) vacationed at the Kennedy Compound - a sprawling property in Hyannis Port Massachusetts

Beach break: Both JFK (pictured with Jackie and Caroline in August, 1960) and his brother Robert purchased homes on Irving Place, adjacent to their parents' property in Hyannis Port

In time, both JFK and his brother Robert purchased homes on Irving Place, adjacent to their parents' property, and he and Jackie often vacationed there with their children, Caroline and John, Jr.

In 1961, when Kennedy was elected the 35th President of the United States, he and his wife, then 31, moved into into the White House.
Their children were one and three when they made this historic move, although they initially stayed with relatives while the White House was being repainted.

Final residence: In 1961, when Kennedy was elected the 35th President of the United States, he and his wife, then 31, moved into into the White House (pictured on June 29, 1962)

Family ties: Their children, Jack Jr (pictured) and Caroline, were one and three when they made this historic move, although they initially stayed with relatives while the White House was being repainted

Jackie confessed in a 1964 interview, which can be found on USAToday.com, that while they were often pictured looking the most at ease in their vacation home, their years in the White House were in fact their 'happiest years'.
They resided here until JFK's assassination on November 22, 1963.
The Georgetown houses where JFK and Jackie O resided can be visited on historic walking tours.

Vintage Portraits Of America’s Immigrant Past on Ellis Island

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception

Photos of immigrants from the early 1900s courtesy of the the New York Public Libary’s digital collections.

1. A German stowaway

Via: William Williams papers/Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

2. A Greek Orthodox priest

Via: William Williams papers/Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

3. A Bavarian man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

4. Two Romanian women

Via: William Williams papers/Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

5. A man whose descent was not identified, possibly Russian

Via: Mid-Manhattan Picture Collection / New York City — Ellis Island/New York City Public Library

6. A Guadeloupean woman

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

7. Three Scottish boys

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

8. A Dutch woman

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

9. A Danish man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

10. Three Russian Cossacks

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

11. A Ruthenian woman

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

12. A Slovak woman with her child

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

13. Another man whose descent was not identified, possibly Russian

Via: Mid-Manhattan Picture Collection / New York City — Ellis Island/New York Public Library

14. A Romanian man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

15. Several Romani people

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

16. An Albanian soldier

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

17. A Greek woman

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

18. A Greek man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

19. An Italian woman

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

20. An Algerian man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

21. An Indian boy

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

22. Three women from Guadeloupe

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

23. A Romani family

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

24. Three Dutch women

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

25. Two pipers

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

26. An Italian woman

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

27. A Turkish man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

28. An Algerian man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

29. Two Lapland children, possibly from Sweden or Finland

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

30. A Romanian shepherd

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library

31. A Czech-Slovak grandmother

Via: Lewis Hine/New York Public Library

32. A Jewish immigrant

Via: Lewis Hine/New York Public Library

33. A Bavarian man

Via: William Williams papers /Augustus Sherman photographs/New York Public Library