A complete set of 52 silver playing cards gilded in gold and dating 400 years has been discovered.
Created in Germany possibly in 1616, the cards were engraved by Michael Frömmer, who
created at least one other set of silver cards. (Photo: Patrick
Debremme)
A card player's dream, this complete set of 52 silver playing
cards gilded in gold and dating 400 years has been discovered. According to a story outlined on a 19th-century brass plate, the
cards were at once owned by a Portuguese princess who fled the
country, cards in hand, after Napoleon's armies invaded in 1807.
At the time of their creation in 1616 no standardized cards existed and different parts of Europe had their own card styles. This set
uses a suit seen in Italy, with swords, coins, batons and cups in
values from ace to 10. Each of these suits has three face cards — king,
knight (also known as cavalier) and knave. There are no jokers. [See Photos of the Silver Playing Cards]
In 2010, the playing cards
were first put on auction by an anonymous family at Christie's auction
house in New York and purchased by entrepreneur Selim Zilkha. The cards
were recently described by Timothy Schroder, a historian with expertise
in gold and silver decorative arts, in his book "Renaissance and Baroque
Silver, Mounted Porcelain and Ruby Glass from the Zilkha
Collection"(Paul Holberton Publishing, 2012).
"Silver cards were exceptional," Schroder writes. "They were not made
for playing with but as works of art for the collector's cabinet, or Kunstkammer." Today, few survive. "[O]nly five sets of silver cards are known today and of these only one — the Zilkha set — is complete."
On the cards, two of the kings are shown wearing ancient Roman clothing while one is depicted as a Holy Roman Emperor
and another is dressed as a sultan, with clothing of the Middle
East. The knights and knaves are in different poses wearing, then contemporary Renaissance military or courtly costumes. Each card
is about 3.4 inches by 2 inches (8.6 centimeters by 5 centimeters) in
size and blank on the back.
Gilding with mercury
Creating the card set would have been a hazardous job. For the gilding, its designers used mercury, a poisonous substance that can potentially kill.
"You ground up gold into kind of a dust, and you mix it with mercury,
and you painted that onto the surface where you wished the gilding to
appear," Schroder told LiveScience in an interview. The mercury gets
burned off in a kiln, a process "that would leave the gold chemically
bonded to the silver."
The process is illegal today, he noted, and even in Renaissance times,
it was known to be hazardous. "I don't think they quite understood why
it was dangerous, but they did appreciate the dangers of it," Schroder
said.
A gift from a princess?
The owner of the 17th-century card set is not known. According
to tradition of the anonymous family who sold it, in the
early 19th century the cards were in the possession of Infanta Carlota
Joaquina, a daughter of a Spanish king who was married to a prince in
Portugal. She fled to Brazil when Napoleon's armies marched into Iberia in 1807, allegedly taking the silver cards with her.
After Napoleon forced her brother, Ferdinand VII, to abdicate the
throne of Spain, she made several attempts to take over the Spanish
crown and control the country's holdings in the New World. According to
the family tradition, she gave the card set to the wife of Felipe
Contucci, a man who helped in her efforts.
While this story cannot be proven, Schroder said he has "very little
reason to doubt it." He added that "when the cards were acquired by Mr.
Zilkha, they came in an early 19th-century leather box which had a brass
plate in them, which also appeared to date from the early or middle of
the 19th century, with this provenance engraved on it."
Contucci's plot
Spain still controlled a vast empire in the New World at the time of
Napoleon's invasion. Among its territories was the viceroyalty of the
Rio de la Plata, a large swath of land centred in Buenos Aires (in
modern-day Argentina).
In November 1808, Contucci was in contact with leaders in Buenos Aires,
according to a conference paper presented last February by Anthony
McFarlane, a professor at the University of Warwick. Contucci told the
princess they had made her an offer that would see her gain control of a
new kingdom in South America. [Top 12 Warrior Moms in History]
McFarlane writes that "Contucci raised her hopes by informing in
mid-November 1808 that 124 leading men were ready to support a military
intervention by a military force led by the Infante Pedro Carlos [a
relative of the princess] and supported by Admiral Smith [of Britain],
to install her (as) the constitutional monarch of an independent kingdom."
However, this plan was foiled when government officials from Portugal, Spain and Britain all objected to it.
Then, in August 1809, the Spanish ambassador arrived in Rio with
instructions from the Junta Central (the Spanish government not
controlled by Napoleon), "to prevent Carlota from entering Spanish
territory and to deflect her ambitions to become Regent," writes
McFarlane.
Carlota's dream of becoming a ruling queen was simply not in the cards.
No comments:
Post a Comment