The ASBO Teens of Victorian Britain

de bene esse: literally, of well-being, morally acceptable but subject to future validation or exception 

Picture of innocence: Victorian and Edwardian children were meant to be seen and not heard but records show the reality was quite different

The Victorian era was a golden age for the middle classes. Industrialists, bankers and clerks were all able to send their children to school to the age of 12 or 14.
In this age of prosperity and enlightenment they were expected to be well-dressed, good-mannered and most importantly - seen and not heard.
But new research carried out at the University of Manchester suggests children were every bit as unruly as they are today.

PhD student Ruth Colton examined the history of some of the country's most-used parks in London, Yorkshire, Manchester and Newcastle, which were designed to promote social harmony but became a magnet for anti-social behaviour.
After sifting through postcards, public records, archaeology and children’s literature from the period, Ms Colton found the children were not always the angels we thought they were.  She said: 'I don't agree that Victorian and Edwardian children were to be seen and not heard.

'It was supposed to be the golden age for middle class children, who were depicted as angels or fairies in advertisements and literature. 'But children and children’s play was a prominent feature of parks and one which was framed by class.

'Working class children, depicted as street urchins, were given a less positive spin, but parks were thought to be a good way to purify and improve them.'

Disorder: Whitworth Park in Manchester was one of many opened with the intention of promoting social harmony

She added: 'And like today, there was a rowdy and unpredictable side too: while parks were supposed to promote social harmony, this was often resisted and parks could be sites of conflict and contrast.

'Newspapers reported that children and youths were sitting on park benches shouting abuse at passers-by.

'Children would also illegally fish in park lakes for ornamental fish or steal fruit of the trees.'


The parks Ms Colton studied include Whitworth Park in Manchester, Roundwood Park and Vauxhall Park in London, Greenhead Park in Huddersfield and Saltwell Park in Gateshead.

Objects excavated in Whitworth Park by The University of Manchester led Community Archaeology Project, of which Ms Colton is part, showed that eating food and drinking alcohol, forbidden in the park bye-laws, took place in the park.

The team have unearthed marbles from the tops of Codd bottles alongside the more expensive coloured glass marbles, showing how children from different social classes played and competed together. Five stones – a game similar to jacks - was also found at the Manchester Park. Made of ceramic, they are among the earliest examples of toy manufacture.

She said: 'Excavated material showed how parks were one of the few places where social classes could mix and compete against each other, particularly children.
'I hope that my work will inform our understanding of the parks’ heritage and in doing so will help to inform a vision for their future. 'Children have always had a wild side to their nature;  kids will be kids and this is as true today as it was in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.'